An introduction to chemistry / by Peter B. Moore.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Moore, Peter B., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemistry--Popular works.

Chemistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (565 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020.

Summary:

This publication is an entry-level textbook designed to meet the needs of college students who learned some chemistry in their high school years, but not enough to prepare them for advanced courses in chemistry, or to satisfy the chemistry prerequisite for courses they might want to take in other scientific disciplines. The history of chemistry is emphasized to an unusual degree here primarily to give the narrative a storyline, but its historical emphasis has an important secondary benefit. Much of the vocabulary chemists use to describe chemical phenomena today emerged early in the development of the discipline, when their understanding of them was still in a primitive state. As such, the persistence of these words and the concepts behind them makes sense only in the light of history.

Contents:

Intro

Table of Contents

Preface

Notes for the Reader

Acknowledgements

Part I: Matter

Chapter One

What is chemistry?

Humans have been doing chemistry forever

What is an element?

The mysteries of fire and air resolved

Chapter Two

John Dalton's atom

Atomic weights and molecular formulas

The struggle to obtain reliable atomic weights

Electricity

Avogadro embraced, reliable atomic weights at last

Chapter Three

The invention of the periodic table

The periodic table completed

The periodic table today

Chapter Four

Ions and electrons

The nucleus discovered

Why aren't atomic weight perfect integers?

Chapter Five

The planetary atom

Lewis and the covalent bond

Extending the Lewis formalism

Some Final Comments

Chapter Six

Planck and Bohr

De Broglie

The wave equation

Big atoms and the Pauli principle

Chapter Seven

On the form of the table

Ionization energies

Electron affinity

Electronegativity

Chapter Eight

Quantum mechanics explains the covalent bond

Diatomic molecules

Molecular Orbitals

Valence bond theory and hybrid atomic orbitals

Multi-atom molecular orbitals

Chapter Nine

Steric numbers

Isomers

Coordination complexes

Valence bond theory and coordination complexes

Crystal field theory

Ligand field theory

Chapter Ten

Phases

On the sizes of atoms and molecules

The dispersion force

Ionic solids

Polar solids

Hydrogen bonds

Covalent solids

Hybrid Solids

Metals

Liquids and glasses

Part II: Energy

Chapter Eleven

Thermodynamics and the steam engine

The difference between heat and temperature

Caloric overthrown

The kinetic theory of gases

Chapter Twelve

The first law at last

Chemical Calorimetry

Heat capacities

Hess's law

Chapter Thirteen.

Water wheels and steam engines

Carnot

The second law at last

Entropy

The molecular meaning of entropy

Reaction entropies and the third law

Chapter Fourteen

Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies

Free energies and equilibrium constants

Thermodynamic cycles and temperature changes

Solutions 101

Equilibrium constants in solution

Non-ideal solutions

Le Chatelier and the law of mass action

Chapter Fifteen

Half-cells

Standard potentials

Chapter Sixteen

Electrolytes

Solubility product constants

Acids and bases

Titrations

Buffers

Chapter Seventeen

Phases and phase transitions

The thermodynamics of phase changes

Molecular weights from phase data

Phase diagrams

The phase rule

Chapter Eighteen

Rate constants and equilibrium constants

the basics

Measuring rate laws and rate constants

Reaction order

How long until equilibrium?

Reaction mechanisms

The effect of temperature on reaction rates

Catalysis

Part III: Selected Topics

Chapter Nineteen

Carbon and the chemistry of life

Alkanes

Other hydrocarbons

Alkane-like molecules that are not hydrocarbons

Why is carbon special?

Synthetic polymers

Petrochemicals

Chapter Twenty

The chemical composition of organisms

Proteins

Nucleic acids

Polysaccharides

The chemistry of membranes

The structure of membranes

The three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids

Small molecule metabolism

ATP

Energy Metabolism

Macromolecular metabolism

Chapter Twenty-One

The Earth's energy budget

The greenhouse effect

Global warming

Greenhouse gases

Fossil fuels

Carbon dioxide

The chemistry of CO2 solutions

Ozone

Chapter Twenty-Two

Batteries

Fuel cells

The hydrogen economy

Chapter Twenty-Three.

The thermodynamics and kinetics of nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation in nature

The role of nitrogen in agriculture

The role of nitrogen in industry

Haber-Bosch

Chapter Twenty-Four

The geology of iron

The production of iron

Steel

The iron-carbon phase diagram

On the different kinds of iron and steel

Rust

Chapter Twenty_Five

Aluminum

Copper and its alloys

Zinc

Lead

Magnesium

Titanium

Gold

Chapter Twenty-Six

Binding energies: fusion and fission

The kinetics of nuclear reactions

Radioactive series

Radiometric dating

Other kinds of decay processes and radiation

Nuclear reactors: the technology

Nuclear reactors: the politics

On the uses of radioisotopes

Appendices

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3

Appendix 4

Appendix 5

Appendix 6

Appendix 7

Appendix 8

Appendix 9

Appendix 10

Appendix 11

Index.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-5275-4743-4

OCLC:

1143503427