Chemistry for changing times.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hill, John W. (John William), 1933-

Contributor:

Kolb, Doris K.

McCreary, Terry.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemistry--Textbooks.

Chemistry.

Genre:

Textbooks.

Physical Description:

1 volume (various pagings) : illustrations (mostly color), portraits (some color) ; 29 cm

Edition:

Eleventh edition / John W. Hill, Doris K. Kolb ; with special contributions by Terry McCreary.

Place of Publication:

Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Prentice Hall, [2007]

Summary:

This popular book is a useful and interesting read for the layperson, as it is colorful, conversational in tone, and easily understandable. Knowledge of chemistry leads to better understanding about the hazards and benefits of this world, enabling better personal decision-making. Explores the concept of green chemistry throughout. Extensively revises key subject areas such as Energy, Fitness and Health, and Drugs. Features new color photographs and diagrams throughout to help readers visualize chemical phenomena. Personalizes chemistry for today' s reader, encouraging a focus on evaluating information about real-life issues rather than memorizing rigorous theory and mathematics. For anyone interested in learning about chemistry and its effect upon our everyday lives.

Contents:

Highlights of the Eleventh Edition xxvi

Student Media Resources xxx

Instructor Media Resources xxxi

1 Chemistry: A Science for All Seasons 1

1.1 Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge 2

1.2 The Baconian Dream and the Carsonian Nightmare 3

1.3 Science: Testable, Reproducible, Explanatory, Predictive, and Tentative 3

1.4 The Limitations of Science 5

1.5 Science and Technology: Risks and Benefits 6

1.6 Chemistry: Its Central Role 8

1.7 Solving Society's Problems: Scientific Research 9

1.8 Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes 11

1.9 Classification of Matter 14

1.10 The Measurement of Matter 16

1.11 Density 21

1.12 Energy: Heat and Temperature 24

1.13 Critical Thinking 26

2 Atoms: Are They for Real? 36

2.1 Atoms: The Greek Idea 37

2.2 Lavoisier: The Law of Conservation of Mass 38

2.3 Proust: The Law of Definite Proportions 39

2.4 John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter 41

2.5 Out of Chaos: The Periodic Table 44

2.6 Atoms: Real and Relevant 46

2.7 Leucippus Revisited: Molecules 46

3 Atomic Structure: Images of the Invisible 56

3.1 Electricity and the Atom 57

3.2 Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity 60

3.3 Three Types of Radioactivity 61

3.4 Rutherford's Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom 62

3.5 The Atomic Nucleus 63

3.6 Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model 66

3.7 Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model 70

3.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table 73

3.9 Which Model to Choose? 75

4 Nuclear Chemistry: The Heart of Matter 84

4.1 Natural Radioactivity 86

4.2 Nuclear Equations 87

4.3 Half-Life 92

4.4 Radioisotopic Dating 93

4.5 Artificial Transmutation 95

4.6 Uses of Radioisotopes 96

4.7 Nuclear Medicine 97

4.8 Penetrating Power of Radiation 100

4.9 Energy from the Nucleus 101

4.10 The Building of the Bomb 103

4.11 Radioactive Fallout 106

4.12 Nuclear Power Plants 107

4.13 Thermonuclear Reactions 107

4.14 The Nuclear Age 108

5 Chemical Bonds: The Ties That Bind 116

5.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations 118

5.2 Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols 119

5.3 Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: Facts 119

5.4 Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: The Theory 120

5.5 Using Lewis Symbols: More Ionic Compounds 121

5.6 Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds 124

5.7 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs 126

5.8 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds 127

5.9 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane 130

5.10 Polyatomic Ions 131

5.11 Rules for Writing Lewis Formulas 132

5.12 Odd-Electron Molecules: Free Radicals 135

5.13 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory 136

5.14 Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules 139

5.15 Intermolecular Forces and the States of Matter 140

5.16 A Chemical Vocabulary 144

6 Chemical Accounting: Mass and Volume Relationships 154

6.1 Chemical Sentences: Equations 155

6.2 Volume Relationships in Chemical Equations 158

6.3 Avogadro's Number: 6.02 x 10[superscript 23] 160

6.4 The Mole: "A Dozen Eggs and a Mole of Sugar, Please" 160

6.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Chemical Equations 165

6.6 The Gas Laws 169

6.7 Solutions 175

7 Acids and Bases: Please Pass the Protons 190

7.1 Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions 191

7.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts 193

7.3 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides 196

7.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases 197

7.5 Neutralization 198

7.6 The pH Scale 199

7.7 Acid Rain 202

7.8 Antacids: A Basic Remedy 202

7.9 Acids and Bases in Industry and in Us 203

8 Oxidation and Reduction: Burn and Unburn 212

8.1 Oxidation and Reduction: Three Views 214

8.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 217

8.3 Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries 218

8.4 Corrosion 222

8.5 Explosive Reactions 223

8.6 Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent 223

8.7 Other Common Oxidizing Agents 225

8.8 Some Reducing Agents of Interest 226

8.9 A Closer Look at Hydrogen 228

8.10 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things 230

9 Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds 238

9.1 The Unique Carbon Atom 239

9.2 Alkanes 240

9.3 Cyclic Hydrocarbons: Rings and Things 244

9.4 Unsaturated and Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes 245

9.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene and Relatives 247

9.6 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards 248

9.7 The Functional Group 249

9.8 The Alcohol Family 251

9.9 Phenols 254

9.10 Ethers 254

9.11 Aldehydes and Ketones 256

9.12 Carboxylic Acids 258

9.13 Esters: The Sweet Smell of RCOOR' 259

9.14 Amines and Amides 261

9.15 Heterocyclic Compounds: Alkaloids and Others 263

10 Polymers: Giants Among Molecules 272

10.1 Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones 273

10.2 Natural Polymers 273

10.3 Celluloid: Billiard Balls and Collars 274

10.4 Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags 274

10.5 Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + ... Gives ONE! 277

10.6 Rubber and Other Elastomers 281

10.7 Condensation Polymers: Splitting Out Water 283

10.8 Properties of Polymers 288

10.9 Disposal of Plastics 289

10.10 Plastics and Fire Hazards 290

10.11 Plasticizers and Pollution 290

10.12 Plastics and the Future 291

11 Chemistry of Earth: Metals and Minerals 300

11.1 Spaceship Earth: The Materials Manifest 301

11.2 The Lithosphere: Organic and Inorganic 302

11.3 Meeting Our Needs: From Sticks to Bricks 303

11.4 Silicates and the Shapes of Things 304

11.5 Modified Silicates: Ceramics, Glass, and Cement 306

11.6 Metals and Ores 308

11.7 Running Out of Everything: Earth's Dwindling Resources 311

11.8 Land Pollution: Solid Wastes 312

11.9 The Three R's of Garbage: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 313

11.10 How Crowded Is Our Spaceship? 315

12 Air: The Breath of Life 322

12.1 Earth's Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition 323

12.2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere 324

12.3 Temperature Inversion 326

12.4 Natural Pollution 326

12.5 The Air Our Ancestors Breathed 327

12.6 Pollution Goes Global 327

12.7 Coal + Fire to Industrial Smog 328

12.8 Automobile Emissions 331

12.9 Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines 333

12.10 Acid Rain: Air Pollution to Water Pollution 335

12.11 The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution 336

12.12 Ozone: The Double-Edged Sword 338

12.13 Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect 342

12.14 The Ultimate Pollutant: Heat 345

12.15 Who Pollutes? How Much? 345

12.16 Paying the Price 347

13 Water: Rivers of Life; Seas of Sorrows 354

13.1 Water: Some Unique Properties 355

13.2 Water, Water, Everywhere 358

13.3 The Water Cycle and Natural Contaminants 358

13.4 Chemical and Biological Contamination 360

13.5 An Example of Industrial Pollution: Building a Car 362

13.6 Groundwater Contamination to Tainted Tap Water 364

13.7 Making Water Fit to Drink 365

13.8 Water Treatment Plants 368

13.9 From Wastewater to Drinking Water 370

13.10 The Newest Soft Drink: Bottled Water 371

13.11 Alternative Sewage Treatment Systems 372

13.12 We're the Solution to Water Pollution 372

14 Energy: A Fuels Paradise 380

14.1 Heavenly Sunlight Flooding Earth with Energy 381

14.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions 384

14.3 Energy and the First Law: Energy Is Conserved 387

14.4 Energy and the Second Law: Things Are Going to Get Worse 387

14.5 People Power: Early Uses of Energy 389

14.6 Reserves and Consumption Rates of Fossil Fuels 390

14.7 Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages 391

14.8 Natural Gas: Mostly Methane 394

14.9 Petroleum: Liquid Hydrocarbons 394

14.10 Convenient Energy: Electricity 399

14.11 Nuclear Fission 401

14.12 Nuclear Fusion: The Sun in a Magnetic Bottle 405

14.13 Harnessing the Sun: Solar Energy 406

14.14 Biomass:

Photosynthesis for Fuel 408

14.15 Hydrogen: Light and Powerful 409

14.16 Other Renewable Energy Sources 411

14.17 Energy: How Much Is Too Much? 413

15 Biochemistry: A Molecular View of Life 422

15.1 The Cell 423

15.2 Energy in Biological Systems 424

15.3 Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy 425

15.4 Fats and Other Lipids 428

15.5 Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids 431

15.6 The Peptide Bond: Peptides and Proteins 432

15.7 Structure of Proteins 434

15.8 Enzymes: Exquisite Precision Machines 438

15.9 Nucleic Acids: Parts and Structure 440

15.10 DNA: Self-Replication 444

15.11 RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code 445

15.12 The Human Genome 447

16 Food: Molecular Gastronomy 458

16.1 Carbohydrates in the Diet 460

16.2 Fats and Cholesterol 461

16.3 Proteins: Muscle and Much More 466

16.4 Minerals: Important Inorganic Chemicals and Life 468

16.5 The Vitamins: Vital, But Not All Are Amines 469

16.6 Other Essentials: Fiber and Water 471

16.7 Starvation and Fasting 472

16.8 Additives to Enhance Our Food 473

16.9 Poisons in Our Food 481

16.10 A World Without Food Additives 483

16.11 Green Plants: Sun-Powered Food-Making Machines 483

16.12 Farming with Chemicals: Fertilizers 485

16.13 The War Against Pests 490

16.14 Biological Insect Controls 494

16.15 Herbicides and Defoliants 497

16.16 Sustainable Agriculture 498

16.17 Some Malthusian Mathematics 500

16.18 Can We Feed a Hungry World? 502

17 Household Chemicals: Helps and Hazards 512

17.1 A History of Cleaning 513

17.2 Fat + Lye to Soap 514

17.3 Synthetic Detergents 518

17.4 Laundry Detergent Formulations 519

17.5 Dishwashing Detergents 523

17.6 Fabric Softeners: Quaternary Ammonium Salts 524

17.7 Laundry Bleaches: Whiter Whites 524

17.8 All-Purpose Cleaning Products 525

17.9 Special-Purpose Cleaners 525

17.10 Organic Solvents in the Home 526

17.11 Paints 527

17.12 Waxes 528

17.13 Cosmetics: Personal Care Chemicals 528

17.14 Toothpaste: Soap with Grit and Flavor 532

17.15 Perfumes, Colognes, and Aftershaves 533

17.16 Some Hairy Chemistry 535

17.17 The Well-Informed Consumer 539

18 Fitness and Health: Some Chemical Connections 548

18.1 Calories: Quantity and Quality 549

18.2 Vitamins and Minerals 551

18.3 Body Fluids and Electrolytes 554

18.4 Weight-Loss Diets 555

18.5 Exercise for Weight Loss 557

18.6 Measuring Fitness 559

18.7 Some Chemistry of Muscles 561

18.8 Drugs and the Athlete 564

18.9 Exercise and the Brain 565

18.10 No Smoking 566

19 Drugs: Chemical Cures, Comforts, and Cautions 576

19.1 Scientific Drug Design 578

19.2 Pain Relievers: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) 578

19.3 Chemistry, Allergies, and the Common Cold 581

19.4 Antibacterial Drugs 583

19.5 Viruses and Antiviral Drugs 587

19.6 Chemicals Against Cancer 589

19.7 Hormones: The Regulators 592

19.8 Chemistry and Social Revolution: The Pill 596

19.9 Drugs for the Heart 599

19.10 Drugs and the Mind 601

19.11 Some Chemistry of the Nervous System 601

19.12 Brain Amines: Depression and Mania 602

19.13 Anesthetics 605

19.14 Depressant Drugs 608

19.15 Narcotics 610

19.16 Antianxiety Agents 613

19.17 Stimulant Drugs 616

19.18 Psychedelic Drugs 618

19.19 Drug Problems 620

19.20 The Placebo Effect 621

19.21 New Uses for Old Drugs 621

20 Poisons: Chemical Toxicology 630

20.1 Natural Poisons 631

20.2 Corrosive Poisons: A Closer Look 633

20.3 Poisons Affecting Oxygen Transport and Oxidative Processes 634

20.4 Make Your Own Poison: Fluoroacetic Acid 635

20.5 Heavy Metal Poisons 635

20.6 More Chemistry of the Nervous System 638

20.7 The Lethal Dose 640

20.8 The Liver as a Detox Facility 642

20.9 Chemical Carcinogens: Slow Poisons 643

20.10 Three Ways to Test for Carcinogens 645

20.11 Birth Defects: Teratogens 646

20.12 Hazardous Wastes 647

20.13 What Price Poisons? 649

Appendix A Review of Measurement and Mathematics A-1.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0132280841

OCLC:

68624111