Thermal Plugging of Oil and Gas Wells : Modelling, Simulation, and Experiments.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lemos, Marcelo J. S. de.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Oil well cementing.

Gas well drilling.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (643 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chantilly : Elsevier, 2025.

Summary:

Thermal Plugging of Oil and Gas Wells: Modelling, Simulation and Experiments is a comprehensive reference book that revolutionizes plug and abandonment (P&A) operations in the oil and gas industry.

Contents:

Front Cover

Thermal Plugging of Oil and Gas Wells: Modelling, Simulation, and Experiments

Copyright Page

Dedication

Quote

Contents

Preface

Overview

1 The plug and abandonment challenge

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The P&amp

A wave

1.3 Chapters in this work

1.4 Summary

References

2 Traditional and new technologies

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Conventional technologies

2.3 Emerging technologies

2.3.1 Resin

2.3.2 Bismuth

2.3.3 Thermite

2.4 Summary

3 Thermal technologies

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Intermediate solution

3.3 Bismuth technologies

3.4 Thermite technologies

3.4.1 Chemical reaction

3.4.2 Use of thermites for P&amp

A

3.4.3 Drawbacks of thermite use

3.5 Chapter summary

4 Studies on thermite reactions

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Thermodynamics

4.2.1 Methodology

4.2.1.1 Gibbs free energy and Ellingham diagram

4.2.1.2 Heat of combustion and adiabatic temperature

4.2.1.3 Chemical equilibrium

4.2.2 Application to thermite mixtures

4.3 Full factorial design analysis

4.3.1 Methodology

4.3.1.1 Numerical simulation

4.3.1.2 Three-level full factorial design

4.3.1.2.1 Effects estimation

4.3.1.2.2 Regression model

4.3.2 Results and discussion

4.3.2.1 Numerical validation

4.3.2.2 Significant effects

4.3.2.3 Percent contributions

4.3.2.4 Main effects

4.3.2.5 Regression models

4.3.2.5.1 Burning velocity (v)

4.3.2.5.2 Reaction wave thickness (d)

4.3.2.5.3 Ignition delay (τ)

4.4 Chapter summary

5 Preliminary experiments

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Proof of concept test

5.3 Isoconversional kinetic analysis of Al-Fe2O3 thermite

5.3.1 Kinetic methods

5.3.1.1 Apparent activation energy

5.3.1.2 Reaction model and preexponential factor

5.3.2 Experimental method.

5.3.2.1 Thermodynamics of DSC tests

5.3.2.2 Apparent activation energy

5.3.2.3 Preexponential factor and kinetic model

5.3.2.4 Model validation

5.4 Small scale experiments

5.4.1 Methodology

5.4.1.1 Sample preparation

5.4.1.2 Procedure

5.4.1.3 Statistical analysis

5.4.1.4 Dry mixing versus solvent-based mixing

5.4.1.5 Stoichiometric versus Al-rich mixture

5.4.1.6 Alumina-dilution effects

5.5 Medium scale experiments

5.5.1 Experimental methodology

5.5.1.1 Mixture preparation

5.5.1.2 Experimental setup

5.5.1.3 Statistical analysis

5.5.2 Mathematical and numerical models

5.5.2.1 Model assumptions

5.5.2.2 Numerical details

5.5.3 Results and discussion

5.5.3.1 Experimental results

5.5.3.2 Diluted versus non-diluted experimental results

5.5.3.3 Diluted versus non-diluted numerical results

5.6 Chapter summary

6 Mathematical modeling

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Thermite reaction

6.2.1 Definitions and mixture properties

6.2.2 Disruptive or gasless model

6.3 Heat transfer

6.4 Mass transport

6.5 Chemical kinetics

6.5.1 Source term

6.5.2 Phase change

6.5.2.1 Introduction

6.5.2.2 Porous media formulation

6.5.2.3 Melting model for multispecies

6.5.2.4 Apparent heat capacity

6.5.2.5 Proposals for ϕ and K

6.6 Chapter summary

7 Analytical techniques

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Distributed transfer function method

7.2.1 Fundamentals of distributed transfer function method

7.2.2 Heat conduction problem

7.2.3 Distributed transfer function formulation

7.2.3.1 Spatial state form representation

7.2.3.2 Fundamental matrix

7.2.3.3 s-domain solution

7.2.3.4 Eigenvalues

7.2.3.5 Transient solution

7.2.3.6 New method for solution of non-differentiable profiles

7.2.4 Boundary condition.

7.2.5 DTFM applied for P&amp

A procedures

7.3 Separation of variables method

7.3.1 Composite cylindrical sectors

7.3.1.1 Homogeneous transient problem

7.3.1.2 Two-layer geometries

7.3.1.3 Inhomogeneous steady state problem

7.3.1.4 Solution for composite cylinder sectors

7.3.1.5 Simulation conditions and parameters

7.3.1.5.1 Material properties

7.3.1.5.2 Case study

7.3.1.6 Boundary conditions

7.3.1.7 Temperature profiles

7.3.1.7.1 Radial temperature solution

7.3.1.7.2 Azimuthal temperature solution

7.3.1.7.3 Contour plots

7.3.2 Multi-layered concentric cylinders

7.3.2.1 Difference between sector and full cylinder solutions

7.3.2.2 Homogeneous transient problem

7.3.2.3 Inhomogeneous steady state problem

7.3.2.4 Case study-model of an oil well

7.3.2.5 Boundary conditions

7.3.2.6 Radial temperature fields

7.4 Chapter summary

8 Computational results

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The finite volume method

8.2.1 Introduction

8.2.2 General transport equation

8.2.3 Discretization

8.2.4 Linear equation solvers

8.2.5 Algorithms

8.3 Phase change

8.3.1 Numerical details

8.3.2 Implicit/explicit formulation

8.3.3 Liquid fraction

8.3.4 Specific heat

8.3.5 Analytical verification-diffusion

8.3.6 Experimental validation-convection and diffusion

8.3.7 Qualitative simulations

8.4 Filtration simulation

8.4.1 Introduction

8.4.2 Problem investigated

8.4.3 Macroscopic equations

8.4.4 Model for the permeability K

8.4.5 Numerical model

8.4.6 Filter efficiency

8.4.6.1 Collection mechanism by diffusion

8.4.6.2 Collection mechanism by inertia

8.4.6.3 Collection mechanism by direct interception

8.4.6.4 Collection mechanism by gravity

8.4.7 Dimensionless parameters

8.4.8 Filtering results

8.4.8.1 Grid size analysis.

8.4.8.2 Model validation

8.4.8.3 Filter with single porosity

8.4.8.4 Filter with double porosity

8.4.8.5 Filter efficiency

8.5 Axisymmetric diffusion

8.5.1 Case investigated

8.5.2 Mathematical model

8.5.3 Numerical methodology

8.5.4 Initial and boundary conditions

8.5.4.1 Prescribed temperature

8.5.4.2 Symmetry

8.5.5 Integral parameter

8.5.6 Heat input estimation-q"(z,t)

8.5.7 Transient temperatures

8.5.8 Liquid fraction

8.6 Zero-order kinetics

8.6.1 Experimental setup and procedure

8.6.2 Mathematical model

8.6.2.1 Model assumptions

8.6.2.2 Energy equations

8.6.2.2.1 Thermite region

8.6.2.2.2 Solid regions

8.6.2.3 Species equation

8.6.2.3.1 Heat generated by the reaction

8.6.2.4 Phase change model

8.6.2.4.1 Melting model for multispecies

8.6.2.4.2 Melting model for a single component

8.6.2.5 Disruptive model

8.6.2.6 Initial, boundary, and interface conditions

8.6.3 Thermal behavior

8.6.4 Effects of the kinetic rate

8.6.5 Effects of porosity

8.7 First-order kinetics

8.7.1 Mathematical model

8.7.1.1 Problem description

8.7.1.2 Energy equation

8.7.1.2.1 Phase change model

8.7.1.3 Species equation

8.7.1.3.1 Kinetic model

8.7.1.4 Initial, boundary, and interface conditions

8.7.1.5 Thermal properties

8.7.2 Thermal behavior

8.7.2.1 Heat losses in the ignition procedure

8.7.2.2 Heat generation

8.7.2.3 Heat diffusion through the domain

8.7.3 Melting of species

8.8 Simulation of an oil well

8.8.1 Problem description

8.8.2 Energy equations

8.8.2.1 Thermite

8.8.2.2 Wellbore regions

8.8.3 Species equation

8.8.3.1 Heat generated by the reaction

8.8.3.2 Gasless model

8.8.4 Phase change model

8.8.5 Initial, boundary, and interface conditions

8.8.6 Integral parameters.

8.8.6.1 Average reaction velocity (v̅r)

8.8.6.2 Average liquid fraction of the tubing (γ¯w,Ω3)

8.8.7 Numerical scheme

8.8.8 Temperature field

8.8.9 Effect of porosity

8.8.10 Effect of alumina dilution

8.9 Chapter summary

9 Economics, environmental considerations and future trends

9.1 Cost analysis of traditional versus thermal plug and abandonment methods

9.1.1 Introduction

9.1.2 Overview of traditional plug and abandonment methods and their cost structures

9.1.3 Thermal sealing methods using energetic materials

9.1.4 Comparative cost analysis

9.1.5 Economic sensitivity and long-term implications

9.1.6 Closing remarks

9.2 Environmental impact assessment

9.2.1 Introduction

9.2.2 Environmental footprint of traditional plug and abandonment methods

9.2.2.1 Cementation and bridge plugs

9.2.2.2 Energy consumption and marine impact

9.2.3 Emerging thermal technologies: environmental performance

9.2.3.1 Thermite-based plugging

9.2.3.2 Bismuth alloy sealing

9.2.4 Comparative environmental analysis

9.2.5 Long-term environmental integrity

9.2.6 Regulatory and lifecycle considerations

9.2.7 Additional remarks

9.3 Research directions and future development areas

9.3.1 Introduction

9.3.2 Key research trends in plug and abandonment technologies

9.3.2.1 Improved barrier materials

9.3.2.2 Thermite and plasma-based technologies

9.3.2.3 Laser and electrical heating methods

9.3.3 Digital technologies and artificial intelligence in plug and abandonment operations

9.3.3.1 AI-driven plug design and monitoring

9.3.3.2 Autonomous downhole tools

9.3.4 Environmental and lifecycle assessments

9.3.4.1 Comparative lifecycle analyses

9.3.4.2 Regulatory influence on R&amp

D

9.3.5 Interdisciplinary collaborations and pilot projects.

9.3.5.1 University-industry partnerships.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

0-443-44707-1

0-443-44706-3

9780443447075

OCLC:

1564842168