Forensic Facial Identification : Theory and Practice of Identification from Eyewitnesses, Composites and CCTV.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Valentine, Tim.

Contributor:

Davis, Josh P.

Series:

Wiley Series in Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Eyewitness identification.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (375 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

: Wiley, 2015.

Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2015.

Summary:

Forensic Facial Identification "A broad view of contemporary eyewitness research in both traditional and emerging areas. The international cast of contributors particularly highlights the interplay between law and research across countries - with lessons for all." Steven D. Penrod, Distinguished Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice "At an age where we are relying more than ever on facial identification to ensure public safety, this volume represents an important milestone in ensuring our decisions are informed by the latest developments in technology and science. International experts provide practitioners with an exhaustive review of the tools needed to identify and investigate cases relying on facial identification, be they terror suspects or victims of disaster. What is unique about this book is that experts are encouraged to learn from mistakes made in the past and to equip themselves with theory and science to enable them to best use identification evidence to avoid miscarriages of justice. An outstanding contribution to the field." Amina Memon, Professor of Psychology Royal Holloway, University of London Forensic Facial Identification provides an up-to-date set of best practices for professionals using eyewitness identification to solve crimes of all kinds. The book brings together a prominent group of contributors to discuss the latest scientific and technical advancements and their implications for practice. The contributors review current procedures for various facial identification methods and discuss their use and reliability. The chapters examine traditional forms of eyewitness identification, such as mugshots and line-ups, but also delve into newer technologies, such as facial identification using CCTV images and computerized automatic face recognition systems. Detailed case studies help put the latest research and technology in the proper legal context. Bridging the fields of psychology, criminology, and law, this essential volume, part of the Wiley Series in Crime, Policing and Law, is for those wishing to stay at the cutting-edge of this expanding and changing field.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Series Preface

Part 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Identification and Surveillance of Facial Images: Progress and Problems

References

Part 2 Searching for Suspects and the Identification of Victims

Chapter 2 Interviewing for Face Identification

How are Person Descriptions Elicited from Witnesses, and How Reliable are They?

What is the Relationship between Description Quality and Subsequent Identification Accuracy?

Is Describing a Face Detrimental to Subsequent Identification Performance?

Advice for Practitioners

Chapter 3 Facial Composites and Techniques to Improve Image Recognizability

Forensic Use of Composites: Police Practice

"Traditional" Mechanical Feature-based Systems

Second-Generation Software-based Feature-based Systems

"Gold Standard" Protocol for Testing Composite Systems

System Evaluations

Holistic Composite Systems

Implications for Policy

Summary and the Future

Chapter 4 Searching for Suspects: Mugshot Files and Showups (Street Identifications)

Mugshots

Showups

The Use of Mugshots and Showups as the First of Multiple Procedures

Current State of the Research and Future Directions

Chapter 5 Craniofacial Analysis and Identification

Introduction

Historical Context

Underlying Assumptions and Principles

Accuracy of Analysis

Further Research

Part 3 Identification by Eyewitnesses

Chapter 6 Lineup Composition and Lineup Fairness

Mistaken Identification, False Convictions, and the Regulation of Eyewitness Identification Procedures

Evaluation of Lineup Fairness and Identification Accuracy

Implications for Law Enforcement Policy and Future Research

Chapter 7 Estimator Variables and Memory for Faces.

Perpetrator and Witness Characteristics

Viewing Context

Summary and Conclusion

Chapter 8 Confidence and Accuracy of Eyewitness Identification

Perceptions of Eyewitness Confidence in Legal Settings

Theoretical Perspectives on the CA Relationship

Research on the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship for Eyewitness Identification Decisions

Applied Factors that Limit the Effective Use of Confidence

A Novel Use for Eyewitness Confidence: Confidence as an Index of Recognition

Part 4 Identification from CCTV Images

Chapter 9 Human Verification of Identity from Photographic Images

The Use of Photographic Images in Court

The Identification of Suspects from CCTV

Parallels Between Face Recognition and Face Matching Research

Theoretical Models of Face Recognition and Matching

Practical Aspects of Face Matching

Selection of Naturally Gifted Face Processors

Conclusions and Policy Recommendations

Chapter 10 Expert Analysis: Facial Image Comparison

Photographic Facial Comparison Analysis

Other Technical and Methodological Issues

Probative Value, Validity and Reliability

Jury Interpretation of Forensic Evidence

Anamorphic Law

Chapter 11 Evaluating Automatic Face Recognition Systems with Human Benchmarks

Introduction to International Tests of Face Recognition Algorithms

Comparing the Performance of Humans and Face Recognition Algorithms

Qualitative Comparisons between Humans and Face Recognition Algorithms

Next Generation Algorithms: Challenges and Promise

Part 5 Implications for Criminal Justice

Chapter 12 Eyewitness Identification and Facial Image Comparison Evidence in Common Law Jurisdictions

Uncertainty in Fact-Finding and the Distorting Effects of the Adversarial Criminal Process.

The Forensic Limitations of the Adversarial Criminal Trial

Identification from Images

Conclusion

Chapter 13 Forensic Facial Identification: A Practical Guide to Best Practice

Confirmation Bias

Best Practice in Forensic Facial Identification

Concluding Remarks

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Valentine, Tim Forensic Facial Identification

ISBN:

9781118469569

1118469569

9781118469576

1118469577

OCLC:

908073569