Neonatology questions and controversies : the newborn lung / Eduardo Bancalari [and three others], editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Bancalari, Eduardo, editor.

Series:

Neonatology: Questions and Controversies Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nervous system--Diseases.

Nervous system.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (387 pages)

Edition:

Fourth edition.

Place of Publication:

Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2025]

Summary:

Dr.Richard Polin's Neonatology Questions and Controversies series highlights the toughest challenges facing physicians and care providers in clinical practice, offering trustworthy guidance on up-to-date diagnostic and treatment options in the field.

Contents:

Front Cover

Inside front cover

Front matter

Other Volumes in the Neonatology Questions and Controversies Series

Neonatology Questions and Controversies: The Newborn Lung

Copyright

Contributors

Series Foreword

Preface

Table of Contents

1 Perinatal events and their influence on lung development and injury

Key points

Overview of lung development and perinatal events

Lung development: The substrate for adverse events

Lung maturation

Antenatal infection/inflammation

Overview of fetal inflammation

Diagnosis of chorioamnionitis

Clinical pulmonary outcomes of fetal exposure to inflammation/infection

Experimental results: The link between fetal exposure to inflammation and lung maturation, lung remodeling

Mediators that induce fetal lung inflammatory responses

Early gestational fetal lung responses to inflammation

Mechanisms of inflammation-mediated lung maturation

Experimental chronic chorioamnionitis

Immune response and modulation from fetal exposures to inflammation

Immune changes in preterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis

Inflammatory mediators and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Interactions between antenatal corticosteroid treatments and chorioamnionitis

Intrauterine growth restriction/small for gestational age (SGA)

Environmental factors and lung disease

Summary: The complexities

References

2 Respiratory and cardiovascular support in the delivery room

Understanding the transition to newborn life

Anticipating and preparing for neonatal resuscitation

Rapid assessment after birth

Initial steps for nonvigorous and preterm newborns

Effective ventilation: The key!

Chest compressions during resuscitation in the delivery room

Medications during resuscitation in the delivery room

Discontinuing resuscitative efforts.

References

3 Vascular development and pulmonary hypertension

Development of the fetal pulmonary circulation

Physiology of the fetal pulmonary circulation

Mediators of fetal pulmonary vascular development

Transitional circulation and postnatal pulmonary vascular development

Features of abnormal pulmonary vascular development

Factors that disrupt fetal pulmonary vascular development

Genetic factors

Placental insufficiency and maternal vascular underperfusion

Antenatal ductal closure

Maternal exposures

Clinical implications and controversies

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Perinatal asphyxia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Alveolar capillary dysplasia

Acute pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary vein stenosis

Pulmonary hypertension treatment: Concepts and controversies

Oxygen targets

Inhaled nitric oxide

Adjunctive and alternative therapies

Blood pressure management

Pulmonary hypertension treatment in preterm infants

Conclusions

4 Airway microbiome and lung injury

Introduction

Newborn lung microbiome

Role of ureaplasma species in intrauterine infection and neonatal lung injury

Ureaplasma species: are there species- or serovar-specific virulence factors?

Potential role of ureaplasma species in preterm birth and intrauterine inflammation

Ureaplasma spp. and neonatal lung injury

Human and experimental evidence for role of ureaplasma spp. in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Developmental deficiencies in innate immunity contribute to susceptibility to ureaplasma infection and dysregulated inflammation

Can bronchopulmonary dysplasia be prevented by ureaplasma eradication?

Summary

References.

5 Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Definition

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Treatment

Prevention

Outcomes

Future research directions

Conclusion

6 Noninvasive respiratory support for preterm infants: An alternative to mechanical ventilation

Why do preterm infants experience respiratory failure and how can noninvasive respiratory support help?

Respiratory distress syndrome

Apnea of prematurity

The role of continuous positive airway pressure

A brief history of neonatal mechanical ventilation and noninvasive respiratory support

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure interfaces

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure devices

How much pressure should be used?

Nasal CPAP for babies with RDS or at risk of developing RDS

CPAP in the "surfactant era"

Is CPAP a suitable alternative to routine intubation of very preterm infants at birth?

Is CPAP with early intubation for surfactant and brief mechanical ventilation better than CPAP alone?

Less invasive or minimally invasive surfactant administration

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure for postextubation support

CPAP "failure": When should preterm infants be intubated?

Complications of nasal CPAP

Weaning from CPAP

Nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation

Mechanisms of nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation

Synchronized versus unsynchronized nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation

Clinical evidence on use of nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation for primary respiratory support

Clinical evidence on use of nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation as a postextubation mode

Nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation for apnea of prematurity.

Nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation settings

Summary and recommendations

Noninvasive high-frequency ventilation

Mechanisms of action of noninvasive high-frequency ventilation

Clinical studies of noninvasive high-frequency ventilation

Observational and crossover studies

Randomized controlled trials

Settings during noninvasive high-frequency ventilation

Summary and recommendations for noninvasive high-frequency ventilation use

Nasal high flow

How does nasal high flow work?

Evidence from randomized trials in preterm infants

Stabilization in the delivery room

Nasal high flow as primary respiratory support for preterm infants with respiratory distress

Nasal high flow versus continuous positive airway pressure

Nasal high flow versus nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation

Nasal high flow to prevent extubation failure in preterm infants

Safety of nasal high flow

Potential concerns with use of nasal high flow in neonates

Should nasal high flow be used to treat preterm infants?

Future directions

Acknowledgments

7 Newer strategies for surfactant delivery

Administration of surfactant to infants on continuous positive airway pressure

Techniques of surfactant administration without an endotracheal tube

Aerosolization

Pharyngeal instillation of surfactant

Delivery of surfactant by laryngeal mask airway

Delivery of surfactant via a thin catheter

Surfactant administration via brief tracheal catheterization

Methods of surfactant delivery via thin catheter

Depth of catheter insertion

Observational and cohort studies of surfactant delivery

Clinical trials of surfactant administration via tracheal catheterization

AMV trial

NINSAPP trial

OPTIMIST-A trial.

Summation of the clinical trials, and findings of meta-analysis

Surfactant administration via brief tracheal catheterization-scientific and practical considerations

Effectiveness of surfactant delivery and distribution

Laboratory studies of surfactant distribution

Use of premedication for tracheal catheterization

Minimization of discomfort

Maintenance of respiratory effort and avoidance of bradycardia

Procedural complications

Repeated catheterization attempts

Hypoxia and bradycardia

Surfactant reflux

Surfactant administration via brief tracheal catheterization-recommendations

Selection of infants

Gestational age range

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Surfactant administration via brief tracheal catheterization-future research directions

Longer-term outcomes after surfactant delivery via thin catheter

The role of spontaneous breathing in surfactant distribution

Optimal premedication for babies at different gestation ranges

Methods for determining that the catheter is correctly positioned in the trachea

Role of videolaryngoscopy

8 Respiratory control and oxygen instability in premature infants

Biological challenges in characterizing neonatal respiratory control

Central respiratory control

Central and peripheral chemosensitivity

Contribution from inflammatory mechanisms

Clinical challenges in defining neonatal apnea

Mechanisms of oxygenation instability

Association between intermittent hypoxemia, bradycardia, and outcomes

Mechanistic insights into morbidity

Controversies in therapy

Accepted treatments

Caffeine

Noninvasive respiratory support

Oxygen administration

Positioning

Controversial approaches

Kangaroo care

Olfactory stimulation

Blood transfusions

Mechanosensory stimulation.

Doxapram.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-323-87935-7

OCLC:

1470854472