Environmental Toxicology and Human Health : Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kumar, Ashish

Contributor:

Wiley InterScience (Online service)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Environmental toxicology.

Environmental health.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (546 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2026.

Contents:

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1 Introduction to Environmental Toxicology and Human Health

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Types of Toxins

1.1.1.1 Man-Made Toxins

1.1.1.2 Natural Toxins

1.1.2 Toxic Threats: The Need for Research

1.2 Sources of Environmental Toxins

1.2.1 Air Pollutants

1.2.2 Water Pollutants

1.2.3 Soil Contamination

1.2.4 Food Contamination

1.3 Types of Pollutants

1.3.1 Chemical Pollutants

1.3.2 Biological Pollutants

1.3.3 Physical Pollutants

1.4 Environmental Exposure Pathways

1.4.1 Inhalation

1.4.2 Ingestion

1.4.3 Dermal Exposure

1.5 Health Effects of Environmental Toxins

1.5.1 Acute Toxicity: Immediate Health Effects

1.5.2 Chronic Toxicity: Long-Term Health Consequences

1.5.3 Specific Diseases: Linked to Environmental Toxins

1.5.3.1 Respiratory Diseases

1.5.3.2 Neurological Disorders

1.5.3.3 Cancer

1.5.3.4 Reproductive and Developmental Issues

1.6 Current and Emerging Issues in Environmental Toxicology

1.6.1 Climate Change: Effects on the Spread of Toxins

1.6.2 Microplastics: Growing Concern in Water and Food Supplies

1.6.3 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Impact on Reproductive Health

1.6.4 Nanotechnology: Potential New Toxicological Risks

1.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 2 Sources and Types of Environmental Contaminants

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Emerging Contaminants and Associated Health Hazards

2.2.1 Minuscule Contaminants

2.2.2 ECs Centered Around Personal Hygiene Commodities

2.2.3 ECs Based on Pharmaceutical Residues

2.2.4 ECs Based on Pesticides, Biocides, and Antibiotics

2.2.5 ECs Based on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2.3 Hazardous Pollution Containing Colors and Dyes.

2.4 Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying ECs

2.5 Technologies for Treatment

2.6 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Air Pollution: Sources, Toxic Impacts, and Strategies for Reduction

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Source of Pollution

3.2.1 Outdoor Pollution

3.2.1.1 Industrial Emission

3.2.1.2 Wildfire

3.2.1.3 Microbial Decaying Processes

3.2.1.4 Transportation

3.2.1.5 Burning of Garbage Waste

3.2.2 Indoor Pollution

3.2.2.1 Household Air Pollution

3.2.2.2 Air Pollution by Hospitals

3.3 Critical Air Pollutants and Their Impact on Human Health

3.3.1 Ground-Level Ozone (GLO) and Impact on Human Health

3.3.1.1 Characteristics and Source of Emission

3.3.1.2 Risk Group

3.3.1.3 Impact on Human Health

3.3.1.4 GLO Exposure Regulatory Standards

3.3.1.5 Ground-Level Ozone Measurement Tools and Techniques

3.3.2 Carbon Monoxide and Impact on Human Health

3.3.2.1 Characteristics and Source of Emission

3.3.2.2 Risk Group

3.3.2.3 Impact on Human Health

3.3.2.4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Exposure Regulatory Standards

3.3.3 Nitrogen Oxide and Impact on Human Health

3.3.3.1 Characteristics and Source of Emission

3.3.3.2 NO2 Impact on Human Health

3.3.3.3 NO2 Exposure Regulatory Standards

3.3.4 Particulate Matter (PM)

3.3.5 Particulate Matter (PM) and Its Impact on Human Health

3.3.5.1 Particulate Matter (PM) Exposure Regulation

3.3.6 Sulphur Dioxide and Impact on Human Health

3.3.6.1 Characteristics and Source of Emission

3.3.6.2 Sulfur Dioxide and Its Impact on Human Health

3.3.6.3 SO2 Exposure Regulation

3.3.7 Lead and Impact on Human Health

3.3.7.1 Effect of Lead in Children and Adults

3.3.7.2 Effect of Lead in Pregnant Women

3.3.7.3 Preventive Measures for Lead Exposure

3.4 Toxicology of Air Pollution

3.4.1 Impact on Lungs and Heart.

3.4.2 Impact on Brain

3.4.3 Air Pollution and Cancer

3.5 Risk Factors and Preventive Measures Associated with Health Damage Associated with Air Pollution

3.6 Indoor Air Pollution Prevention Control Strategies

3.6.1 Heating, Ventilation, and AC Systems (HVAC)

3.6.2 Air Filters and Air Purifiers

3.6.3 Standalone Air Purifiers

3.6.4 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (VAC)

3.6.5 UV Air Purifier

3.6.6 Ionizer Air Purifier

3.6.7 Activated Charcoal Air Purifier

3.6.8 Pulse Radio Wave Air Cleaners

3.7 Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter 4 Air Pollution: Health Impacts and Environmental Challenges

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Toxicology of Air Pollution

4.2.1 Particle Pollutants

4.2.2 Ground-Level Ozone

4.2.3 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

4.2.4 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

4.2.5 Nitrogen Oxide (NO2)

4.2.6 Lead (Pb)

4.3 Conclusions and Recommendations

Chapter 5 Natural and Anthropogenic Source of Air Pollution, and Mechanism of Toxicity

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview of Sources

5.3 Global and Local Impacts

5.4 Types of Air Pollutants

5.5 Mechanisms of Impact on Human Health

5.5.1 Respiratory System

5.5.2 Cardiovascular System

5.5.3 Neurological Effects

5.5.4 Reproductive and Developmental Effects

5.5.5 Immune System and Cancer

5.6 Vulnerable Populations

5.6.1 Children and the Elderly

5.6.2 Pre-Existing Diseases or Health Conditions

5.6.3 Socio-Economic Conditions

5.7 Global Burden of Disease

5.8 Mitigation and Public Health Interventions

5.9 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Recent Updates in Water Contaminants

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Overview of Water Contamination

6.2.1 Sources

6.2.2 Global and Local Impact

6.3 Types of Water Contaminants.

6.3.1 Physical/Mechanical Contaminants

6.3.2 Chemical Contaminants

6.3.3 Pesticides and Herbicides

6.3.4 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs)

6.3.5 Industrial Chemicals

6.3.6 Biological Contaminants

6.3.7 Radiological Contaminants

6.4 Health Risks Associated with Water Contaminants

6.4.1 Acute Health Effects

6.4.1.1 Gastrointestinal Illnesses

6.4.1.2 Acute Poisoning

6.4.2 Chronic Health Effects

6.4.2.1 Cancer

6.4.2.2 Neurological Disorders

6.4.3 Reproductive and Developmental Issues

6.4.4 Endocrine Disruption

6.5 Vulnerable Populations

6.6 Case Studies

6.6.1 Flint Water Crisis

6.6.2 Bangladesh Arsenic Contamination

6.6.3 Agricultural Runoff in the U.S. Midwest

6.6.4 Emerging Contaminants

6.7 Mitigation Strategies

6.7.1 Water Treatment Technologies

6.7.2 Government Regulations

6.7.2.1 Safe Drinking Water Act

6.7.2.2 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

6.7.2.3 Health Advisories

6.7.3 WHO Regulation and Guidelines

6.7.4 Public Health Interventions

6.7.4.1 Water Supply

6.7.4.2 Sanitation

6.7.4.3 Hygiene

6.8 Emerging Technologies

6.8.1 Nano-Based Materials for Water Purification

6.8.2 Point-of-Use (POU) Purification Systems

6.9 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Sources of Water Contaminants: Toxic Impacts and Remediation Approaches

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Types of Water Contaminants

7.2.1 Chemical Contaminants

7.2.1.1 Heavy Metals

7.2.1.2 Pesticides

7.2.1.3 Industrial Chemicals

7.2.1.4 Pharmaceuticals

7.2.2 Biological Contaminants

7.2.3 Physical Contaminants

7.2.4 Emerging Contaminants

7.3 Sources of Water Contamination

7.3.1 Natural Sources

7.3.1.1 Geological Leaching

7.3.1.2 Volcanic Activity

7.3.1.3 Weathering

7.3.2 Anthropogenic Sources.

7.3.2.1 Industrial Discharges

7.3.2.2 Agricultural Runoff

7.3.2.3 Urban Wastewater

7.3.2.4 Mining Operations

7.4 Pathways of Exposure

7.4.1 Direct Consumption

7.4.2 Dermal Contact

7.4.3 Bioaccumulation

7.5 Health Impacts of Water Contaminants

7.5.1 Heavy Metals

7.5.2 Biological Contaminants

7.5.3 Emerging Contaminants

7.6 Mitigation Strategies

7.6.1 Policy and Regulation

7.6.2 Technological Solutions

7.6.2.1 Advanced Water Treatment

7.6.2.2 Bioremediation

7.6.3 Community Participation

7.7 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Soil Pollution: Sources of Pollution and Bioremediation Pollutants from Contaminated Soil

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Sources of Soil Pollution

8.3 Effect of Soil Pollution on the Health of Human Beings

8.4 Soil Pollutant Remediation Techniques

8.4.1 In Situ Mitigation Techniques

8.4.1.1 Surface Capping

8.4.1.2 Encapsulation

8.4.1.3 Electrokinetic Extraction

8.4.1.4 Soil Flushing

8.4.1.5 Chemical Immobilization

8.4.1.6 Phytoremediations

8.4.1.7 Bioremediation

8.4.2 Ex Situ Remediation Techniques

8.4.2.1 Landfilling

8.4.2.2 Soil Washing

8.4.2.3 Solidification

8.4.2.4 Vitrification

8.5 Decision of Appropriate Remediation Strategy

8.6 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Hazardous Health Impacts of Soil Pollution

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Soil: A Natural Ecosystem

9.3 Soil and Human Health

9.4 Main Threats to Soil Health and Their Deleterious Impacts on Human Health

9.4.1 Deforestation

9.4.2 Heavy Metal Toxicity

9.4.3 Pesticides

9.4.4 Microplastic

9.5 Strategies and Practices for Healthy Soil for Healthy Human

9.6 Acknowledgement

Chapter 10 Heavy Metals Contamination: Exposure and Remediation Methods

10.1 Introduction.

Notes:

10.2 Exposure of Heavy Metals.

Electronic reproduction. Hoboken, N.J. Available via World Wide Web.

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Print version: Kumar, Ashish Environmental Toxicology and Human Health

ISBN:

1394399855

9781394399857

1394399847

9781394399840

Publisher Number:

90104599687

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