Hydrogen : physics and technology / Sindhunil Barman Roy.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Roy, Sindhunil Barman, author.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hydrogen--Industrial applications.

Hydrogen.

Materials science.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (320 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing, [2024]

Summary:

The book covers the journey of hydrogen, from element to condensed matter with exotic physical properties and enormous technological promise as clean energy source and energy carrier. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students of hydrogen science and technology, and renewable energies.

Contents:

Intro

Acknowledgements

Author biography

Sindhunil Barman Roy

Chapter Introduction

References

Chapter Quantum physics of hydrogen atom

1.1 Hydrogen atomic spectrum

1.2 Quantum physics of hydrogen atom

1.2.1 Radii of hydrogen atom orbits

1.2.2 Ground and excited states of the hydrogen atom

1.2.3 Spectra of the hydrogen atom

1.2.4 Ionization potential, binding energy, and excitation potential

1.2.5 Limitations of Bohr's model

1.3 Wave-particle duality of the electron and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

1.4 Schrödinger's wave equation of the hydrogen atom

1.4.1 Fine structures of the hydrogen spectra

Reference

Chapter Covalent bonding and the hydrogen molecule

2.1 Born-Oppenheimer approximation

2.2 Heitler-London theory of hydrogen molecule

2.3 Beyond the Heitler-London theory of the hydrogen molecule

2.4 Physical origin of the covalent chemical bond in the hydrogen molecule

2.4.1 Electrostatic potential energy approach

2.4.2 Kinetic energy approach

2.4.3 Energy analysis of the H2+ and H2 molecules within the kinetic energy approach

2.5 Ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen

2.6 Summary

Chapter Strong Coulomb repulsion in the hydrogen molecule and the Hubbard model

3.1 An approximate representation of electron interactions in a hydrogen molecule

3.2 Ionized hydrogen molecule H2+

3.3 Hydrogen molecule H2

Chapter Thermodynamic properties of fluid hydrogen

4.1 Nuclear spin: ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen

4.2 The quantum law of corresponding states

4.3 Some experimental results of the properties of liquid hydrogen

4.3.1 Pressure-volume-temperature isotherms and thermodynamic properties

4.3.2 Thermal and electrical conductivity

4.4 The equations of state

4.4.1 The regression process.

4.4.2 Ideal-gas contributions to the reduced Helmholtz free energy

4.4.3 Residual contribution to the reduced Helmholtz free energy

4.4.4 Fixed-point properties and vapor pressures

4.4.5 Comparison of calculated data to experimental data

Chapter Exotic properties of dense hydrogen

5.1 Hydrogen under pressure

5.2 Phase I

5.2.1 Rotational disorder in phase I

5.2.2 Vbrational localization transitions

5.3 Symmetry breaking and phase II of hydrogen

5.3.1 Direct investigation of phase II crystal structure

5.4 Phase III: symmetry breaking at higher pressure

5.5 Phase IV and phase V of solid hydrogen

5.6 Phase VI: metallic hydrogen

Chapter Hydrogen in various solid matrix

6.1 Physically bound hydrogen

6.1.1 Nanoporous carbon materials

6.1.2 Metal-organic frameworks

6.1.3 Covalent organic framework

6.1.4 Porous aromatic framework

6.1.5 Nanoporous organic polymers

6.2 Chemically bound hydrogen

6.2.1 Hydrogen-metal systems

6.2.2 Physical properties of hydrogen-metal systems

6.3 Different classes of metal hydrides

6.3.1 Metal hydrides from elemental metals

6.3.2 Metal hydrides from alloys

6.3.3 Transition metal hydride complexes

6.3.4 Amorphous metal hydrides

Chapter Solid proton conductor

7.1 Electrolytes and fuel cells

7.2 Solid proton conductor

7.3 Materials structure and proton conductivity

7.4 Different classes of solid proton conductors

7.4.1 Disordered type hydrous systems

7.4.2 Anhydrous hydrogen-containing systems

7.5 Proton-conducting oxides

7.6 Hybrid organic networks

7.6.1 Metal-organic framework based ionic conductor

7.6.2 Covalent-organic frameworks based ionic conductors

Chapter Superconductivity in hydrogen-based systems.

8.1 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity

8.1.1 Superconducting transition temperature

8.1.2 Superconducting energy gap

8.2 Strong coupling superconductivity

8.3 Various superconductors

8.4 Possible superconducting state in metallic hydrogen

8.5 Superconductivity in hydrides

8.6 Structure and superconductivity of hydrides from first principles

8.7 Developments on the experimental front

8.7.1 Discovery of superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide

8.7.2 Lanthanide hydrides and beyond

Chapter Hydrogen fusion

9.1 Properties of the nucleus

9.1.1 Nuclear radius

9.1.2 Nuclear spin

9.1.3 Stability of nucleus

9.2 Nuclear forces

9.3 Binding energy

9.4 Nuclear fusion

9.4.1 Fusion in the Sun

9.4.2 Fusion in the laboratory

9.4.3 Lawson criterion

Chapter Applications of hydrogen

10.1 Hydrogen for power systems and energy storage

10.2 Hydrogen as a transportation fuel

10.2.1 Road

10.2.2 Railway

10.2.3 Shipping

10.2.4 Aviation

10.3 Production of hydrocarbon fuels

10.4 Refining of crude oil and petroleum products

10.5 Production of ammonia

10.6 Metallurgical industries

Chapter Methods of hydrogen production

11.1 Environmental cleanliness and hydrogen color coding

11.2 Hydrogen production from fossil fuels

11.2.1 Hydrocarbon reforming methods

11.2.2 Hydrocarbon pyrolysis

11.3 Hydrogen production from renewable sources

11.3.1 Biomass process

11.3.2 Biological methods

11.3.3 Electrolysis

11.3.4 Thermolysis

11.3.5 Photo-electrolysis

11.4 Comparison of various H2 production processes

11.5 High-temperature conversion in nuclear power plants

Chapter Methods of hydrogen storage

12.1 Large-scale storage

12.1.1 Liquid hydrogen storage

12.1.2 Underground storage.

12.2 Small-scale storage

12.2.1 Compressed hydrogen gas storage

12.2.2 Cryogenic and cryo-compressed hydrogen

12.3 Solid-state storage

12.3.1 Physisorption

12.3.2 Chemisorption

12.3.3 Liquid organic and circular carriers

Chapter Hydrogen safety and integrity

13.1 Properties of hydrogen

13.2 Hydrogen hazards

13.2.1 Physiological hazards

13.2.2 Physical hazards

13.2.3 Chemical hazards

13.2.4 Explosion phenomena

13.3 Hydrogen integrity phenomena

13.3.1 Hydrogen damage

13.3.2 Low-temperature embrittlement

13.3.3 Thermal contraction

13.4 Safety comparisons of hydrogen, methane, and gasoline

Chapter Hydrogen transport and distribution

14.1 Hydrogen transport via ammonia

14.1.1 Synthesis of ammonia

14.1.2 Ammonia decomposition

14.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of ammonia

14.2 Liquid organic hydrogen carrier

14.2.1 Characteristic properties of LOHC systems

14.3 Transport of gaseous and liquid hydrogen

14.3.1 Road and rail transportation of hydrogen

14.3.2 Ocean transportation of hydrogen

14.3.3 Pipeline transportation of hydrogen

Chapter Hydrogen energy conversion technologies

15.1 Flame combustion

15.1.1 Hydrogen ICE

15.1.2 Turbines and jet engines

15.2 Steam generation by hydrogen/oxygen combustion

15.3 Catalytic hydrogen combustion

15.3.1 Fixed-bed reactor

15.3.2 Monolithic reactor

15.3.3 Microchannel reactor

15.4 Electrochemical conversion

15.5 Energy conversions involving metal hydrides

Chapter Hydrogen nuclear fusion technology

16.1 Magnetic confinement fusion

16.2 Inertial confinement fusion

Chapter Hydrogen in semiconductor technology

17.1 A brief history of hydrogen in semiconductors

17.2 Monoatomic hydrogen.

17.2.1 Electronic structure and transition levels

17.2.2 Alignment of hydrogen levels

17.2.3 Effects on doping and passivation

17.3 Hydrogen molecules and molecular complexes

17.3.1 Complexes with impurities and point defects

17.3.2 Defect and impurity engineering

17.4 Hydrogen on semiconductor surfaces

17.5 Summary

Chapter Road towards hydrogen economy

Chapter

A.1 Stationary state wave functions and eigenvalues

A.2 Radial probability density

A.2.1 Ground state

A.2.2 First excited state

A.2.3 The angular probability density

A.2.4 Fine structures of hydrogen spectrum

B.1 Basic cycles of hydrogen liquefaction

B.1.1 Linde process

B.1.2 Claude process

B.1.3 Collins process

B.1.4 Helium Brayton cycle

B.1.5 Magnetic refrigeration/liquefaction system

B.1.6 Catalyzed ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen conversion

References.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Roy, Sindhunil Barman Hydrogen

ISBN:

9780750351744

OCLC:

1455111215