Nuclear and Particle Physics with Cosmology, Volume 2 : Particle Physics and Cosmology.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Guha, Jyotirmoy.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Particle tracks (Nuclear physics).

Particle accelerators.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (811 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2024.

Summary:

This comprehensive volume by Jyotirmoy Guha delves into the intricate connections between nuclear physics, particle physics, and cosmology. The book explores foundational discoveries in particle physics, such as the identification of electrons, protons, and neutrons, and their roles in understanding the universe. It covers advanced topics including cosmic rays, the Standard Model of particle physics, and the unification of fundamental forces. Detailed discussions on particle accelerators, detectors, and experimental techniques highlight their significance in advancing the field. The author also explains units in particle physics and concepts like Planck systems. Aimed at students, researchers, and professionals in physics, the book serves as a valuable resource for understanding the physics of the micro and macro cosmos. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Intro

Acknowledgements

Author biography

Jyotirmoy Guha

Purpose/scope/basic approach of the book

Chapter Introduction to particle physics

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Particle physics

1.1.2 Astronomy

1.1.3 Astrophysics

1.1.4 Cosmology

1.2 Connection between nuclear physics and particle physics

1.3 Detection of the electron (particle) by J J Thomson (1897)

1.3.1 Conclusions made by J J Thomson

1.4 Determination of specific charge ∣e∣m of the electron by J J Thomson

1.5 Detection of the proton by Goldstein (1886)

1.6 Naming of the proton by E Rutherford (1920)

1.7 Determination of mass of the proton mp

1.8 Discovery of the nucleus by E Rutherford (1911)

1.9 Detection of the neutron by Chadwick (1932)

1.10 Mass determination of neutron by Chadwick and Goldhaber (1934)

1.11 Cosmic rays and elementary particles

1.12 Gold leaf electroscope

1.13 Discovery of cosmic rays/particles

1.14 Composition of cosmic rays/particles

1.15 Primary cosmic rays/particles

1.15.1 Constituents of primary cosmic rays

1.16 Secondary cosmic rays/particles

1.16.1 Constituents of secondary cosmic rays at sea level

1.17 Hard and soft components of cosmic rays/particles

1.17.1 Hard component

1.17.2 Soft component

1.18 Characteristics of cosmic rays/particles

1.19 Variation of cosmic ray intensity with altitude, latitude and direction

1.19.1 Altitude effect

1.19.2 Latitude effect

1.19.3 Explanation

1.19.4 Directional effect or east-west asymmetry

1.20 Origin of cosmic rays

1.20.1 Energy of cosmic rays

1.21 Cosmic ray shower or burst or cascade or electronic shower (hadronic and electromagnetic)

1.21.1 Bremsstrahlung or braking radiation

1.21.2 Pair production (materialization of energy)

1.21.3 Hadronic shower or cascade.

1.21.4 Electromagnetic shower or cascade

1.22 Discovery of the positron by Anderson (1932)

1.23 Discovery of pair production by Blackett and Occhialini (1933)

1.23.1 Pair annihilation

1.24 Discovery of muon by Anderson and Neddermeyer (1937)

1.25 Muon paradox

1.25.1 Resolution to the paradox

1.26 Discovery of the pion by Lattes, Occhialini and Powell (1947)

1.26.1 The neutral pion π0.

1.27 Discovery of anti-proton by Segre and Chamberlin (1955)

1.28 Detection of the electron anti-neutrino ν¯e by Reines and Cowan (1956)

1.29 List of a few discoveries of various particles and phenomena

1.30 Exercises

1.31 Question bank

Further reading

Chapter Particle accelerators

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Types of accelerators

2.2.1 Electrostatic accelerator

2.2.2 Oscillating field accelerators

2.3 Cockcroft-Walton electrostatic accelerator

2.3.1 Principle of Cockcroft-Walton electrostatic accelerator

2.3.2 High voltage operation of Cockcroft-Walton electrostatic accelerator

2.4 Van de Graff accelerator (generator)

2.4.1 Principle of the Van de Graff accelerator

2.4.2 Construction of a Van de Graff accelerator

2.4.3 Working

2.4.4 Limitations of the Van de Graff accelerator

2.5 Linear accelerator or LINAC

2.5.1 Principle of the linear accelerator

2.5.2 Construction of the linear accelerator

2.5.3 Resonance condition of linear accelerator

2.5.4 Limitation of the linear accelerator

2.6 Circular accelerator

2.7 Cyclotron

2.7.1 Principle of the cyclotron

2.7.2 Construction and working of cyclotron

2.7.3 Resonance condition (condition of operation of cyclotron)

2.7.4 Calculations at exit of Dee of cyclotron

2.7.5 Advantages of a cyclotron

2.7.6 Disadvantages of a cyclotron

2.8 Synchrocyclotron

2.8.1 Principle of the synchrocyclotron.

2.8.2 Construction of the synchrocyclotron

2.8.3 Limitation of synchrocyclotron

2.9 Betatron

2.9.1 Principle of the betatron

2.9.2 Theory of the betatron

2.9.3 Construction of the betatron

2.9.4 Advantage of the betatron

2.9.5 Limitations of the betatron

2.10 Synchrotron

2.10.1 Principle of synchrotron

2.10.2 Construction and working

2.10.3 Advantages

2.10.4 Disadvantages

2.11 Large Electron-Positron (LEP) Collider

2.11.1 Generation of particles due to collision of beams in the LEP

2.12 Tevatron

2.13 Large hadron collider (LHC)

2.13.1 Acceleration of proton beam in a linear accelerator

2.13.2 Acceleration of a proton beam in the LHC

2.14 List of particle accelerators

2.15 Exercises

2.16 Question bank

Chapter Particle detectors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Types of detectors

3.3 Gas-filled detector

3.3.1 Principle

3.3.2 Construction and working

3.4 Ionization chamber

3.4.1 Principle of operation

3.4.2 Limitations

3.5 Proportional counter

3.5.1 Principle

3.5.2 Construction and working

3.5.3 Limitation

3.6 Geiger-Müller counter

3.6.1 Principle

3.6.2 Construction and working

3.6.3 Quenching

3.6.4 Internal quenching

3.6.5 External quenching

3.6.6 Advantages

3.6.7 Disadvantages

3.7 Semiconductor diode

3.7.1 Principle

3.7.2 Construction and working

3.8 Diffused junction semiconductor detector

3.8.1 Advantages

3.9 Surface barrier semiconductor detector

3.9.1 Advantages

3.9.2 Disadvantages

3.10 Scintillation detector or counter

3.10.1 Principle

3.11 Photomultiplier tube

3.11.1 Advantages

3.11.2 Limitations

3.12 Cloud chamber (of Wilson)

3.12.1 Advantages

3.12.2 Limitations

3.13 Bubble chamber

3.13.1 Principle

3.13.2 Construction and working

3.13.3 Advantages.

3.13.4 Limitations

3.13.5 Momentum and energy determination of a charged particle in a bubble chamber

3.14 Spark chamber

3.14.1 Drawback

3.15 Nuclear emulsion detector

3.15.1 Advantages

3.15.2 Disadvantages

3.16 Cherenkov detector

3.17 List of particle detectors

3.18 Exercises

3.19 Question bank

Chapter Units of particle physics

4.1 Units used in particle physics

4.2 Advantage of natural units

4.3 Planck system of units

4.3.1 Planck mass

4.3.2 Planck length

4.3.3 Planck time

4.4 Reduced Planck units

4.5 Notion of space-time in Planck region

4.6 Exercises

4.7 Question bank

Chapter A brief introduction to the Standard Model

5.1 The Standard Model

5.2 Fundamental forces of nature

5.3 Strong interaction

5.4 Electromagnetic interaction

5.5 Weak interaction

5.6 Gravitational interaction (not part of the Standard Model)

5.7 Unification of forces

5.8 Elementary fermions as constituents of matter

5.9 Leptons

5.10 Electron

5.11 Electron neutrino

5.12 Muon

5.13 Muon neutrino

5.14 Tauon

5.15 Tauon neutrino

5.16 Quarks

5.17 The eightfold way

5.18 Colour

5.19 Up quark

5.20 Down quark

5.20.1 Nucleon (proton, neutron) structure

5.21 Strange quark

5.22 Charm quark

5.23 Bottom quark

5.24 Top quark

5.25 Gauge bosons as force carriers

5.26 Photon

5.27 Intermediate vector boson (IVB)

5.28 Gluon

5.29 Higgs boson

5.30 Classifications in the Standard Model

5.31 Concept of field in the Standard Model

5.32 Electromagnetic field theory

5.32.1 Concept of interaction of two charged particles according to classical theory

5.32.2 Concept of interaction of two charged particles according to quantum theory

5.33 Relation between range and mass of quanta of force.

5.34 Laws of electroweak dynamics

5.35 Laws of strong interaction or quantum chromodynamics

5.35.1 Non-abelian generalization

5.35.2 Gauge fields

5.36 Elementary building blocks of matter

5.36.1 Heavier and lighter particles

5.37 Particles and anti-particles

5.38 Symmetry breaking interaction

5.39 Higgs mechanism

5.40 Nobel prizes for the Standard Model

5.41 Drawbacks of the Standard Model

5.42 Beyond the Standard Model

5.42.1 Grand unification theory

5.42.2 Supersymmetry

5.43 Quantum gravity

5.43.1 String theory

5.44 Exercises

5.45 Question bank

Chapter Study of interactions through Feynman diagram

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Rules of a Feynman diagram

6.2.1 Line

6.2.2 Vertex

6.2.3 External lines

6.2.4 Internal lines

6.2.5 Role of the vertex

6.3 Electron-electron scattering

6.4 Positron-positron scattering

6.5 Pair production and pair annihilation

6.6 Compton scattering

6.7 Negative beta decay

6.7.1 Charge conservation

6.7.2 Baryon number conservation

6.7.3 Electron lepton number conservation

6.8 Positive beta decay

6.8.1 Charge conservation

6.8.2 Baryon number conservation

6.8.3 Electron lepton number conservation

6.9 Exercises

6.10 Question bank

Chapter Classification of particles and interactions of nature

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Classification of elementary particles

7.3 Boson

7.4 Classification of bosons

7.5 Massless boson

7.6 Photon

7.7 Gluons

7.8 Graviton

7.9 Massive boson

7.10 Meson

7.11 Eta meson

7.12 Pi meson or pion

7.13 K meson or kaon

7.14 Weak boson

7.15 Higgs boson

7.16 Fermion

7.17 Classification of the fermion

7.18 Lepton

7.19 Baryon

7.20 Nucleon

7.21 Hyperon

7.22 Fundamental interaction

7.23 Gravitational interaction.

7.23.1 Newton's theory of gravitation or classical theory.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

Other Format:

Print version: Guha, Jyotirmoy Nuclear and Particle Physics with Cosmology, Volume 2

ISBN:

9780750350327

OCLC:

1492402746