Surface and Interface Science.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Allara, David L.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (375 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2025.

Summary:

Surfaces and Interface Science introduces the science behind surface phenomena, from wetting and nucleation to catalysis and adhesion. Covering thermodynamics, kinetics, and characterization techniques, it bridges theory and application across biomaterials, microelectronics, and polymers, ideal for advanced students and researchers.

Contents:

Intro

Authors biographies

David L Allara

Robert L Opila

Chapter Introduction to interfaces

1.1 Definitions of a surface and interface, and associated basic concepts

1.2 Thicknesses of surfaces and interfaces

1.3 Common types of interfaces

1.4 The surface to volume ratio of nano-objects and its effect on properties

1.4.1 What happens when an object becomes so small that most of the constituent moieties are in the surface region?

1.4.2 Approximate dimensionality classification of high S/V objects

1.4.3 Calculating numbers of constituent particles (atoms or molecules) at the surface of a object

1.4.4 Effects of the S/V ratio on the physical and chemical properties of small objects

1.5 Fundamental but simple approaches to understanding and predicting properties of surfaces (and interfaces) relative to the bulk-the missing atom (or molecule) model for surface structure, thermodynamics and dynamics

1.6 How to approach predicting and understanding trends in electrical and electronic properties of surfaces

1.7 The general areas of surface (interface) chemistry (science)-wet versus dry

1.8 Extensions of the traditional concepts of surfaces as the termination of a homogeneous, uniform composition phase object to macromolecular and biomolecular objects

1.9 Understanding surface and interface behavior as simple extensions of established fundamental chemistry and physics principles-summary of fundamental relationships

1.10 Some historical facts about surface science

1.11 Units for calculations and fundamental constants

Problems

Estimating surface atom densities

Applying the missing atom model to explaining the effects of the S/V ratio on the characteristics of nano-objects

Calculations from basic relationships of particles and waves

1.12 What's ahead?

Historical.

S/V effects in small objects

Bio-interfaces at the nanoscale

General

References

Chapter Structure and defects of periodically arranged materials-background

Part I. Crystal structures

2.1 Description of surfaces (or interfaces) of crystalline materials in terms of the intrinsic bulk crystal structure

2.2 Definition of the unit cell of a periodic lattice and important geometrical characteristics

2.2.1 Periodic lattices and the unit cell

2.2.2 Unit cells in 3D-definition of lattice constants, interaxial angles, basis vectors and location vectors

2.2.3 Direction vectors

2.3 Bravais unit cells

2.3.1 The seven Bravais lattice classes and 14 unit cells

2.3.2 The special coordinate system for hexagonal cells

2.3.3 The special case of hexagonal close-packed crystals

2.3.4 Important structural characteristics of simple Bravais unit cells and lattices

2.3.5 Packing characteristics of the three principal metal crystal structures: BCC, FCC and HCP

2.3.6 Interstitial spaces

2.4 Crystallographic planes and Miller indices-introduction to reciprocal space

2.4.1 Definition of a crystal plane

2.4.2 Characterization of the orientation and spacing of a crystal planes by the Miller indices-the reciprocal space notation of planes

2.4.3 Cubic and hexagonal unit cells

Appendix A: Calculation of interplanar spacings from the Miller indices for cubic cells and a note on reciprocal space.

Part II. Crystal defectsDefects in surfaces often play a critical role in surface phenomena ranging across corrosion, catalysis, solid state electronic devices and mechanical strength of thin films. Thus it is useful to learn a few fundamentals about defects starting with simple, periodic crystal systems. In this section we will take a quick look at the standard defects starting with those that span 3D bulk regions and ending up with those in the final termination layer at the surface of a cryst

Part II. Crystal defects

2.5 Bulk defects

2.5.1 Point defects

2.5.2 Line defects-dislocations

2.6 Surface defects

2.6.1 Massive defects and polycrystalline surfaces

2.6.2 Defects within terrace regions and domain boundaries

2.6.3 Atomic scale defects

Chapter 2 Problems

Further reading

Chapter Surface structure

3.1 Surface layer structures

3.1.1 Classifications of physical structure

3.1.2 Basic definitions of reconstruction and superlattices, geometric relationships between surface and bulk ordering and some common superlattices

3.1.3 High order plane surfaces-periodic surface defects

3.1.4 Preparation of periodic surface defects by cutting crystals at selected angles

3.2 Surface reconstruction

3.2.1 Imbalance of surface and bulk forces drive surface reconstruction

3.2.2 Reconstruction of steps and kinks

3.2.3 Surface reconstruction in soft materials

3.3 Adsorbate overlayer structures and coverage effects

3.3.1 Definition of coverage

3.3.2 Forces governing adsorbate overlayer structure and associated coverage effects

3.3.3 Multiple overlayers-supported thin films

3.3.4 Spontaneous formation of new overlayers in alloys

3.3.5 Chemisorption-induced substrate restructuring

3.4 Common methods for determining surface structure

3.4.1 Direct-proximal probes: AFM, STM.

3.4.2 Indirect probes: surface diffraction by light and particles

Chapter 3 Problems

General sources for surface structure and reconstruction

Detailed texts on characterization methods

Chapter Surface and interface thermodynamics

4.1 Thermodynamic considerations for surfaces

4.2 A simple, but powerful coordination picture for understanding and predicting the unfavorable energetics of surfaces-the missing molecule (MM) model

4.3 Single component systems

4.3.1 Surface tension

4.3.2 Work is required to change the curvature of surfaces

Part T Brief review of equilibrium thermodynamics for surface applications

T.1 Review of fundamentals of the thermodynamics of reversible work

T.2 Definition of system and surroundings and associated conventions

T.3 Statement of the first and second laws for equilibrium conditions and reversible processes

T.4 Equilibrium thermodynamics from the point of view of work processes

T.5 Fundamental constraints on intensive variables from the first and second laws

T.6 T and P effects on reversible mass transport work for a pure substance

T.7 Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy for constant V, T or T, P conditions

T.8 Entropy defined in terms of numbers of ways to arrange a system-the Boltzmann equation

4.3.3 Surface excess thermodynamic quantities

4.3.4 Temperature dependence of surface thermodynamic quantities

4.3.5 Excess quantities on a per mole basis-comparisons with bulk thermodynamic properties

4.3.6 Estimation of US and γ from intermolecular (atomic) interactions

4.3.7 Effects of surface phenomena on the equilibrium between adjoining phases

4.4 Contacting media: interfacial tension

4.4.1 Work of disjoining-mechanical definition of an A-B interface.

4.4.2 Thermodynamic basis of interfacial tension-an approximate model based on molecule-molecule pair contact energies

4.4.3 Fluid-fluid interfaces-direct measurement of interfacial tensions

4.4.4 Solid-liquid media-liquid drop contact angles

4.4.5 Capillary effects

4.5 Multicomponent media

4.5.1 General classes of interfaces in multicomponent media

4.5.2 Where is the phase boundary? The Gibbs dividing line convention

4.5.3 Bulk-surface partitioning in two-component systems

Appendix A

A1 General set-up

A2 Application to the case of a dilute solute (A) in solvent (B)-the Gibbs equation

A3 Wide variation of component concentrations-binary metal alloy systems and simple regular solutions of nonpolar molecules

Chapter 4 problems

General reference texts

Specialized reference texts and articles

Chapter Surface dynamics

5.1 Modes of motion at bare surfaces

5.1.1 Overview of internal motion, thermal energy storage, and heat transfer within the bulk and through interfaces

5.1.2 Vibrations in crystalline solids

5.1.3 How do surface vibrations differ from the bulk and what effects does this have on surface properties?

5.1.4 Surface vibrations in liquid metals

5.2 Surface diffusion

5.2.1 Types of surface diffusion

5.2.2 Activated diffusion

5.2.3 Statistical model of random hopping

5.2.4 Surface diffusion of polymer chains

5.2.5 Experimental measurements11Some of this section overlaps with [21].

5.3 Dynamic phenomena in adsorption-desorption processes

5.3.1 Overview

5.3.2 Surface collision rates

5.3.3 Rate of thermally induced desorption of adsorbed species

5.3.4 Limiting cases of adsorption-desorption rate processes

5.4 Free particle-solid surface collisions

5.4.1 Energy transfer during scattering

5.4.2 Sticking probability.

5.4.3 Ion scattering spectroscopy.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-7503-4918-2