Urban heat islands reexamined / Satyaprakash, Anne W. M. Ng, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Satyaprakash, (Professor of civil engineering), editor.

Ng, Anne W. M., editor.

Series:

Climate change and its causes, effects, and prediction series.

Climate Change and Its Causes, Effects and Prediction Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Urban heat island.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (236 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, [2022]

Summary:

"Urban Heat Island" refers to the phenomenon of increased temperatures in urban areas due to dense high-rise buildings and entrapped heat. The effects of urban heat islands are compounded by climate change, which drives temperatures up even further. This book will provide readers with an overview of the current understanding of urban heat islands and will give them an understanding of ways to mitigate the effects of urban heat islands"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1

Classification of Urbanisation and Urban Heat Island

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Urbanization Trends

3. Sustainable Urbanization Practices

4. Impact of Urbanization on UHI

5. Urban Heat Island

6. UHI and Thermal Discomfort Tools to Model

7. Urban Characteristics and UHI

7.1. Urban Microenvironment Structure

7.2. UHI Formation Scenarios

7.3. Effect of Materials on UHI

7.4. Classification of UHI's

7.5. UHI Measuring Techniques

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

Urban Heat Island and Mitigation Strategies: International Studies and Current Status in India

2. Urban Heat Island, Causes, and Its Effects

2.1. Effects of UHI

3. Mitigation Strategies

3.1. Greening Measures

3.2. Sustainable Urban Infrastructure

3.3. Water and Soil Management

3.4. Anthropogenic Heat Reduction

4. Indian Scenario

4.1. UHI over Indian Cities

4.2. Mitigating the UHI Effect in Indian Cities

Conclusion and Way Forward

Chapter 3

The Relationship between Climate Change Impacts on Urban Heat Island and Water Demand for Urban Green Spaces

2. Urban Heat Islands (UHI) Issues: Effects and Mitigation

2.1. Urban Heat Island Effects

2.1.1. High Mortality and Morbidity Rates

2.1.2. High Energy Consumption

2.1.3. Poor Air Quality

2.1.4. Increased Water Demand and Climate Change

2.2. UHI Mitigation

2.2.1. Open Water Bodies

2.2.2. Increasing Albedo

2.2.3. Cool Pavements

2.2.4. Cool Roofs

2.2.5. Urban Lawns

2.2.6. Urban Trees

2.2.7. Green Roof

3. Frameworks for Urban Water Demand and Climate Modelling

3.1. Urban Water Modelling

3.1.1. Urban Water Optioneering Tool (UWOT)

3.1.2. SUES

3.1.3. Aquacycle.

3.1.4. Source

3.2. Urban Climate Modelling

3.2.1. ENVI MET

3.2.2. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)

3.2.3. SUFFEX

3.2.4. SUEWS

3.3. Water Demand Estimation for Urban Green Space

3.4. Water Sources for Maintenance of Urban Green Space

3.4.1. Groundwater for Irrigation

3.4.2. Potable Water for Irrigation

3.4.3. Alternative Water Sources for Irrigation

3.4.4. Rainwater Harvesting for Irrigation

3.4.5. Storm Water Harvesting

3.4.6. Recycled Water for Irrigation

Chapter 4

Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Heat Island: A Multi-City Case Study in India

1.1. COVID-19 and Its Effects on Environment

2. Land Surface Temperature

2.1. Urban Heat Island

3. Materials and Methods

3.1. Data

3.2. Study Area and Reasons for the Study

4. Methodology

4.1. Google Earth Engine

4.2. Processing

4.3. Results

4.3.1. Hyderabad

4.3.2. Study Area and Profile Lines

4.3.3. Kanpur

4.3.4. Study Area and Profile Lines

4.3.5. Kolkata

4.3.6. Study Area and Profile Lines

4.3.7. Surat

4.3.8. Study Area and Profile Lines

Conclusion, Future Studies and Recommendations

Chapter 5

A Holistic Approach for Outdoor Thermal Comfort Evaluation and Strategies to Reduce Urban Heat Island

Nomenclature

1.1. Urban Heat Island

1.1.1. Cause of Urban Heat Island

1.2. Outdoor Thermal Comfort

1.2.1. Factors Governing Outdoor Thermal Comfort

1.3. Requirement of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Analysis

2. Thermal Comfort Indices

2.1. Outdoor Standard Effective Temperature (OUT_SET*)

2.2. Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET)

2.3. Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)

2.4. Predictive Mean Vote (PMV)

2.5. Thermal Sensation Index (TSI).

2.6. Apparent Temperature (AT)

2.7. Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)

2.8. Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)

2.9. Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV)

3. The Interrelation between Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Building Energy Use

4. Urban Characteristics Impacting Outdoor Thermal Comfort

4.1. Urban Geometry

4.1.1. Impact of Urban Geometry on Radiations

4.1.2. Impact of Urban Geometry on Winds

4.1.3. Impact of Urban Geometry on Air Temperature

4.1.4. Impact of Urban Geometry on Thermal Comfort

4.2. Greening Strategies

4.3. High Albedo Materials

4.4. Water Bodies

5. Case Studies

5.1. Case Study-1: A School in Hot-Humid Climate of China

5.2. Case Study-2: A Public Space in Hot and Dry Climate of Baghdad

5.3. Case Study-3: A Urban Canyon in Warm and Humid Climate of India

5.4. Case Study-4: A Pedestrian Walkway in Cold Climate of Canada

6. Recommendations

6.1. Designing for Thermal Comfort

6.2. Rethinking the Thermal Comfort Standards

6.3. Impact of Climate on the Cooling Effect

6.4. Recommendations to Reduce Urban Heat Island

Chapter 6

Investigating the Cooling Load of a University Building: A Case Study in Darwin

List of Abbreviations

1.1 Darwin Weather

1.2. Thermal Comfort

1.3. Cooling Load

1.3.1. Cooling Load Components

1.3.2. Load Design

1.4. Heat Mitigation Strategies

1.4.1. Airflow Regulations

1.4.2. Wind Towers

1.4.3. Solar Control

1.4.4. Green Roof

1.4.5. Green Walls

1.4.6. Cool/Reflective Roofs and Walls

1.4.7. Energy Efficient Appliances

1.4.8. Building Construction

1.4.9. Windows

2. Research Method

2.1. Building Modelling

2.2. Load Calculation

2.3. Simulations

2.3.1. Insight Modelling

2.3.2. Cool Coating

2.3.3. Change of Windows.

2.3.4. Solar Panel Installation

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Simulation Results

3.2. Effectiveness

3.3. Cost

3.3.1. Change of Windows

3.3.2. Window Glazing

3.3.3. Solar Panel

3.3.4. Cool Coating

About the Editors

List of Contributors

Index

Blank Page.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Satyaprakash Urban Heat Islands Reexamined

ISBN:

9798886972870

OCLC:

1347023595