Principles of Biophotonics. Volume 2 : Light Emission, Detection, and Statistics / Gabriel Popescu.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Popescu, Gabriel, author.

Series:

IPEM-IOP Series in Physics and Engineering in Medicine and Biology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photonics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (212 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing, [2020]

Summary:

Principles of Biophotonics, volume two describes detection and statistical representation of optical fields. Beginning by placing the visible spectrum in the context of the electromagnetic frequency range, this presentation stresses how thin of a sliver is normally called the optical spectrum. In addition to describing properties of light with technical accuracy, the most common radiometric quantities are introduced, and conversion to photon-based quantities is explicitly presented. For completeness, an analogy to the photometric quantities is also made, and the three fundamental mechanisms for generating light, blackbody radiation, fluorescence and laser emission, are covered. Each chapter contains a set of practice problems and additional references, and this book aims to build the foundation for further study in subsequent volumes.

Contents:

Outline placeholder

Motto

Preface to Volume 2: &amp

#x02018

Light emission, detection, and statistics&amp

#x02019

Acknowledgments

Author biography

Gabriel Popescu

Chapter 1 Electromagnetic fields

1.1 Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

1.1.1 Gamma rays

1.1.2 X-rays

1.1.3 Ultraviolet

1.1.4 Visible

1.1.5 Infrared

1.1.6 Terahertz

1.1.7 Microwaves

1.1.8 Radiowaves

1.2 Spectral absorption of water

1.3 Spectral absorption of hemoglobin

1.4 Problems

References

Chapter 2 Radiometric properties of light

2.1 Energy

2.2 Energy density

2.3 Power

2.4 Temporal power spectrum

2.5 Intensity: spatial power spectrum

2.6 Irradiance

2.7 Spectral irradiance

2.8 Radiance

2.8.1 Radiance conservation theorem

2.9 Spectral radiance

2.10 Exitance

2.11 Spectral exitance

2.12 Problems

Chapter 3 Photon-based radiometric quantities

3.1 Number of photons

3.2 Photon density

3.3 Photon flux

3.4 Photon temporal power spectrum

3.5 Photon intensity

3.6 Photon irradiance

3.7 Photon spectral irradiance

3.8 Photon radiance

3.9 Photon spectral radiance

3.10 Photon exitance

3.11 Photon spectral exitance

3.12 Problems

Chapter 4 Photometric properties of light

4.1 Luminous energy

4.2 Luminous flux

4.3 Luminous energy density

4.4 Luminous intensity

4.5 Illuminance

4.6 Luminance

4.7 Problems

Chapter 5 Fluorescence

5.1 Jablonski diagram

5.2 Emission spectra

5.3 Rate equations

5.4 Quantum yield

5.5 Fluorescence lifetime

5.6 Quenching

5.7 Problems

Chapter 6 Black body radiation

6.1 Planck's radiation formula

6.2 Wien's displacement law

6.3 Stefan-Boltzmann law

6.4 Asymptotic behaviors of Planck's formula.

6.5 Einstein's derivation of Planck's formula

6.6 Problems

Chapter 7 LASER: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

7.1 Population inversion, optical resonator, and narrow band radiation

7.2 Gain

7.3 Spectral line broadening

7.3.1 Homogeneous broadening

7.3.2 Inhomogeneous broadening

7.4 Threshold for laser oscillation

7.5 Laser kinetics

7.5.1 Partial fraction decomposition

7.6 Gain saturation

7.6.1 Saturation at steady state

7.7 Problems

Chapter 8 Classification of optical detectors

8.1 Waves and photons

8.2 Photon detectors

8.3 Thermal detectors

8.4 Problems

Chapter 9 Statistics of optical detection

9.1 Probabilities

9.2 Continuous random variables

9.3 Moments of a distribution

9.4 Common probability distributions

9.4.1 Binomial distribution

9.4.2 Poisson distribution

9.4.3 Gaussian distribution and the central limit theorem

9.4.4 Uniform distribution

9.4.5 Exponential distribution

9.4.6 Double exponential (Laplacian) distribution

9.4.7 Lorentzian distribution

9.5 Problems

Chapter 10 Detection noise

10.1 Mechanisms of noise generation

10.2 Spatio-temporal noise description

10.2.1 Temporal noise

10.2.2 Spatial noise

10.2.3 Averaging

10.2.4 Noise-equivalent bandwidth

10.3 Noise contributions

10.3.1 Johnson noise

10.3.2 Shot noise

10.3.3 Generation-recombination noise

10.3.4 1/f noise

10.3.5 Electronic noise

10.4 Problems

Chapter 11 Figures of merit of optical detectors

11.1 Quantum efficiency

11.2 Responsivity

11.2.1 Spectral responsivity

11.2.2 Temporal responsivity

11.3 Signal-to-noise ratio

11.4 Saturation

11.5 Dynamic range

11.6 Noise-equivalent power

11.7 Detectivity

11.8 Gain.

11.9 Dark current

11.10 Spatial and temporal sampling: aliasing

11.11 Problems

Chapter 12 Semiconductor materials

12.1 Insulators and conductors

12.2 Covalent bonds in semiconductor crystals

12.3 Energy band structure

12.4 Carrier distribution

12.5 Doping

12.6 Electron-hole pair generation by absorption of light

12.7 P-N junction

12.7.1 Zero bias

12.7.2 Forward bias

12.7.3 Reverse bias

12.8 Problems

Chapter 13 Photon detectors

13.1 The p-n junction photodiode

13.1.1 Principle of operation

13.1.2 Photovoltaic versus photoconductive mode

13.1.3 Materials

13.1.4 Noise contributions

13.1.5 Figures of merit

13.2 Photoconductive detectors

13.2.1 Photoconductivity

13.2.2 Response time

13.3 Photoemission detectors

13.3.1 Photocathodes

13.3.2 Photodiodes

13.3.3 Photomultipliers

13.4 Problems

Chapter 14 Thermal detectors

14.1 Principle of photothermal detection

14.2 Noise in thermal detectors

14.3 Bolometers

14.4 Pyroelectric detectors

14.5 Problems

Chapter 15 Statistics of optical fields

15.1 Optical fields as random variables

15.2 Spatiotemporal correlation function

15.3 Ergodic hypothesis

15.4 Stationarity and statistical homogeneity

15.5 Wiener-Khintchine theorem

15.6 Spatial correlations of monochromatic light

15.6.1 Cross-spectral density

15.6.2 Spatial power spectrum

15.6.3 Spatial filtering

15.7 Temporal correlations of plane waves

15.7.1 Temporal autocorrelation function

15.7.2 Optical power spectrum

15.7.3 Spectral filtering

15.8 Spatially-dependent coherence time and temporally-dependent coherence area

15.9 Problems

References.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780750341790

0750341793

OCLC:

1429724057