Nuclear and Particle Physics with Cosmology. Volume 1, Nuclear Physics / Jyotirmoy Guha.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Guha, Jyotirmoy, author.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cosmology.

Particles (Nuclear physics).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (732 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing, [2024]

Summary:

As the first volume of a two-volume set, this book covers nuclear physics and can be treated as a complete course on the subject. The majority of topics in undergraduate and postgraduate courses on nuclear physics are covered, such as radioactivity, nuclear models, nuclear reaction, nuclear fission and fusion, deuteron problem and scattering.

Contents:

Intro

Acknowledgments

Author biography

Jyotirmoy Guha

Chapter General properties of the nucleus

1.1 Introduction: motivation of studying nuclear physics

1.2 Constituents of a nucleus

1.3 Nuclear parameters

1.4 Unified atomic mass unit or amu or u

1.5 Types of nuclei

1.6 Isotope

1.7 Isotone

1.8 Isobar

1.9 Isomer or isomeric nuclei

1.10 Mirror nuclei

1.11 Charge independence hypothesis

1.12 Cross-section of an interaction

1.13 Differential scattering cross-section

1.14 Rutherford nuclear model of atom Geiger, Marsden and Rutherford α scattering experiment or gold foil experiment

1.15 Proof of Rutherford scattering formula

1.16 Nuclear radius

1.17 Radius of a spherical nucleus

1.18 Estimation of nuclear radius

1.19 Nuclear force radius

1.20 Nuclear charge radius

1.21 Experiment to measure charge radius

1.22 Estimation of nuclear radius from study of atomic transition

1.23 Estimate of nuclear radius from a study of mirror nuclei

1.24 Nuclear mass density

1.25 Nucleon density

1.26 Binding energy of nucleus

1.27 Binding energy curve

1.28 Separation energy of a nucleon

1.29 Mass defect

1.30 Packing fraction

1.31 Nuclear stability, Segrè chart or stability curve

1.32 Nuclear angular momentum, nuclear spin

1.33 Parity

1.34 Magnetic dipole moment

1.35 Nuclear quadrupole moment

1.36 Exercises

1.37 Question bank

Further reading

Chapter Radioactivity

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Process of shedding extra energy of a nucleus

2.3 Soddy Fajan's displacement law

2.4 Radioactive series

2.5 Artificial radioactivity

2.6 Law of radioactivity or law of radioactive decay

Survival equation

2.7 Half-life T1/2

2.8 Mean life τ

2.9 Activity in terms of Becquerel, Rutherford and Curie

2.10 Law of successive disintegration.

2.11 Ideal equilibrium

2.12 Short-lived parent

2.13 Transient equilibrium. Relatively long-lived parent

2.14 Secular equilibrium. Extremely long-lived parent

2.15 Alpha decay

2.16 Alpha disintegration energy Qα

2.17 Nuclear potential barrier and alpha decay

2.18 Quantum mechanical explanation of α decay, Gammow, Gurney and Condon theory, quantum tunneling

2.19 Selection rule of α decay

2.20 Range of α

2.21 Geiger law

2.22 Geiger-Nuttall law

2.23 Beta decay

2.24 Energetics of β decay

2.25 Achievement of stability through beta decay

2.26 Double β decay

2.27 Nature of beta spectra

2.28 Attempts to explain the origin of continuous beta spectra

2.29 Pauli's neutrino hypothesis

2.30 Fermi theory of beta decay

2.31 Fermi-Kurie plot

2.32 Selection rules of beta decay

2.33 Effect of neutrino mass

2.34 Origin of line beta spectra: internal conversion

2.35 Gamma decay

2.36 Selection rules for γ decay

2.37 Mossbauer effect

2.38 Pair production

2.39 Exercises

2.40 Question bank

Chapter Nuclear models

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Fermi gas model

3.3 Liquid drop model

3.4 Bethe-Weizsacker's semi-empirical mass formula-based on liquid drop model

3.5 Identification of various terms and explanation of Bethe-Weizsacker's semi-empirical mass formula

3.6 Volume energy term

3.7 Surface energy correction term

3.8 Coulomb energy correction term

3.9 Quantum mechanical corrections on Bethe-Weizsacker's semi-empirical mass formula

3.10 Asymmetry energy correction term

3.11 Pairing energy correction term

3.12 Merits and demerits of Bethe-Weizsacker's semi-empirical mass formula

3.13 Mass parabola

3.14 Neutron drip line, proton drip line

3.15 Prediction of mass of neutron star from semi-empirical mass formula.

3.16 Concepts of shells in atomic structure

3.17 Concepts of shells in nucleus

3.18 Definition of magic number, magic nuclei, doubly magic nuclei, semi-magic nuclei

3.19 Evidence of shell structure in nucleus

3.20 Nuclear shell model by Mayer and Jensen, assumptions of shell model

3.21 Generation of magic numbers with harmonic oscillator potential

3.22 Generation of magic numbers by introducing spin-orbit correction to harmonic oscillator potential

3.23 Spin parity of even-even nuclear ground state from shell structure (even Z, even N)

3.24 Spin parity of odd A nuclear ground state from shell structure (odd Z, even N or even Z, odd N)

3.25 Spin parity of odd-odd nuclear ground state from shell structure (odd Z, odd N)

3.26 Explanation of excited states by shell model

3.27 Magnetic moment of nucleus from nuclear shell model-Schmidt limits

3.28 Success of the nuclear shell model

3.29 Failures of the nuclear shell model

3.30 Comparison of liquid drop model and nuclear shell model

3.31 Collective model

3.32 Vibrational energy levels in the collective model

3.33 Rotational energy levels in the collective model

3.34 Exercises

3.35 Question bank

Chapter Nuclear reaction

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Definition of incident and exit channels

4.3 Nuclear reaction cross-section

4.4 Partial cross-sections

4.5 Lab frame of reference or L-frame

4.6 Centre-of-mass frame of reference or C-frame

4.7 Justification of having two frames L-frame and C-frame

4.8 Relation between kinetic energy in L-frame and C-frame

4.9 Relation between scattering angle in L-frame and C-frame

4.10 Charged particle approaching target

4.11 Elastic collision or scattering

4.12 Inelastic collision or scattering

4.13 Reaction channel

4.14 Radiative capture.

4.15 Photodisintegration

4.16 Transmutation

4.17 Conserved quantities in nuclear reaction

4.18 Q value of nuclear reaction

4.19 Threshold energy for an endoergic reaction

4.20 Types of nuclear reaction

4.21 Compound nuclear reaction

4.22 Bohr's independence hypothesis

4.23 Analysis of compound nuclear reaction using Bohr's independence hypothesis

4.24 Experimental verification by Ghoshal

4.25 Direct reaction

4.26 Transfer reaction

4.27 Stripping reaction

4.28 Pick up reaction

4.29 Knock out reaction

4.30 Comparison of reactions

4.31 Two-body non-relativistic Q value equation

4.32 Exoergic nuclear reaction

4.33 Endoergic nuclear reaction

4.34 Evaluation of threshold energy value for an endoergic nuclear reaction

4.35 Resonance in nuclear reaction

4.36 Lifetime and level width

4.37 Breit-Wigner one-level dispersion formula (qualitative discussion)

4.38 Exercises

4.39 Question bank

Chapter Nuclear fission and fusion

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Characteristics of fission products: size of fission fragments

5.3 Prompt neutrons

5.4 Delayed neutron

5.5 Estimation of the energy release during nuclear fission from binding energy curve

5.6 Estimation of the energy release during nuclear fission from mass of fission fragments

5.7 Spontaneous fission

5.8 Induced fission

5.9 Fissile material

5.10 Fertile or fissionable material and breeding reaction

5.11 Minimum value of mass number A for fission to be energetically favourable

5.12 Explanation of nuclear fission by the liquid drop model

5.13 Explanation of nuclear fission by the theory of Bohr and Wheeler

5.14 Fission of92U143235 by slow neutron

5.15 Fission of 92U146238

5.16 Classification of neutrons

5.17 Interaction with a neutron.

5.18 Nuclear reactor based on nuclear fission

5.19 Uses, advantages and disadvantages of a nuclear reactor

5.20 Fission chain reaction

5.21 Neutron multiplication factor or neutron reproduction factor k

5.22 Power output of a nuclear reactor

5.23 Four factor formula

5.24 Two-factor formula

5.25 Time elapsed between two successive generations of thermal neutrons

5.26 Reaction rate

5.27 Typical design of a nuclear reactor

5.28 Breeder reactor

5.29 Homogeneous and heterogeneous nuclear reactor

5.30 Safety measures

5.31 Reactor accidents

5.32 Slowing down of thermal neutrons

5.33 Scattering angles in L-frame and C-frame

5.34 Average logarithmic energy decrement

5.35 Slowing down power (sdp)

5.36 Moderating ratio

5.37 Slowing down density

5.38 Neutron current density, microscopic and macroscopic cross-section, mean free path

5.39 Diffusion equation for monoenergetic neutrons

5.40 Diffusion of fast neutrons and Fermi age equation

5.41 Critical size of nuclear reactor

5.42 Basics of fusion

5.43 Calculation of the energy release during nuclear fusion from binding energy curve

5.44 Coulomb barrier preventing fusion

5.45 Thermonuclear fusion

5.46 Reaction rate for fusion

5.47 Lawson criterion

5.48 Problems of fusion reactor

5.49 Physics of the sun-an introduction

5.50 Energy release in stars (Sun)

5.51 Exercises

5.52 Question bank

Chapter Deuteron problem

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Description of nucleons through quarks

6.3 Binding force and energy of a deuteron system

6.4 Range and strength of nuclear force

6.5 Deuteron wave function from solution of the Schrödinger equation

6.6 Relation between range r0 and strength V0 of deuteron potential

6.7 Deuteron wave function parameters

6.8 Deuteron radius.

6.9 Angular momentum of deuteron.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Guha, Jyotirmoy Nuclear and Particle Physics with Cosmology, Volume 1

ISBN:

9780750350297

OCLC:

1435802487