Petrodiesel fuels : science, technology, health, and environment / edited by Ozcan Konur.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Konur, Ozcan, editor.

Series:

Handbook of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel Fuels

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Diesel fuels.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xvi, 390 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

[Place of publication not identified] : CRC Press, [2021]

Summary:

This third volume of the handbook presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of petrodiesel fuels. Following the substantial public concerns on the adverse impact of the emissions from petrodiesel fuels on the environment and human health, the research has intensified in the areas related to the reduction of these adverse effects. Thus, bioremediation of spills from crude oils and petrodiesel fuels at sea and soils as well as desulfurization of petrodiesel fuels have emerged as publicly important research areas. Similarly, the emissions from diesel fuel exhausts, due to their adverse effects on both human health and environment, have been researched more in recent years. These emissions cover particulate emissions, aerosol emissions, and NOx emissions. Research on the adverse impact of petrodiesel fuel exhaust emissions on human health has primarily progressedalong the lines of respiratory illnesses, cancer, and other illnesses, such as cardiovascular illnesses, brain illnesses, and reproductive system illnesses, through human, animal, and in vitro studies. It is clear that these illnesses caused by the petrodiesel fuel exhaust emissions have been one of the most significant reasons to develop alternative biodiesel fuels. PartIX presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of crude oils covering major research fronts. It covers crude oil spills in general, crude oil spills and their cleanup, properties and removal of crude oils, biodegradation of crude oil-contaminated soils, and crude oil recovery besides an overview paper. PartX presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of petrodiesel fuels in general covering major research fronts. It covers combustion of biodiesel fuels in diesel engines, bioremediation of biodiesel fuel-contaminated soils, biodiesel power generation, and desulfurization of diesel fuels besides an overview paper. PartXI presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of emissions from petrodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers diesel emission mitigation, diesel particulate emissions, and diesel NOx emissions, besides an overview paper. PartXII presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of the health impact of the emissions from petrodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers respiratory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive system illnesses, besides an overview paper. This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Public Environmental Occupational Health, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Immunology, Respiratory System, Allergy, and Oncology. Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited Bioenergy and Biofuels,which brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited theHandbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.

Contents:

Cover

Half Title

Title Page

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Editor's Biography

Contributors

Part IX: Crude Oils

Chapter 40: Crude Oils: A Scientometric Review of the Research

40.1 Introduction

40.2 Materials and Methodology

40.3 Results

40.3.1 Indices and Documents

40.3.2 Authors

40.3.3 Publication Years

40.3.4 Institutions

40.3.5 Funding Bodies

40.3.6 Source Titles

40.3.7 Countries

40.3.8 Web of Science Subject Categories

40.3.9 Citation Impact

40.3.10 Keywords

40.3.11 Research Fronts

40.4 Discussion

40.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

40.A Appendix

40.A.1 Crude Oils Keyword Set

References

Chapter 41: Introduction to Oil Spill Behavior

41.1 Introduction

41.2 An Overview of Weathering

41.3 Evaporation

41.4 Water Uptake and Emulsification

41.5 Natural Dispersion

41.6 Other Processes

41.6.1 Dissolution

41.6.2 Photooxidation

41.6.3 Sedimentation, Adhesion to Surfaces, and Oil-Fines Interaction

41.6.4 Biodegradation

41.6.5 Sinking and Over-Washing

41.6.6 Formation of Tar Balls

Chapter 42: Introduction to Oil Spills and their Clean-up

42.1 Sources of Oil Spills

42.1.1 Oil Spill Statistics

42.1.2 Cost of Spill Clean-up and Prevention

42.1.3 Oil Inputs into the Sea

42.1.4 Review of the Top Worldwide Spills

42.2 Summary of Sources

42.3 Consequences

42.3.1 Consequences of Spills on Land

42.3.2 Oil Toxicity and Exposure

42.4 Oil Spill Countermeasures

42.4.1 Containment on Water

42.4.2 Oil Recovery on Water

42.4.3 Treating Agents

42.4.4 In situ Burning

42.4.5 Shoreline Clean-up

42.4.6 Clean-up of Oil Spills on Land

42.5 Conclusions and Outlook

Chapter 43: Crude Oils and their Fate in the Environment

43.1 Introduction.

43.2 Origins of Crude Oil

43.3 Production of Crude Oil

43.4 Types of Crude Oil

43.4.1 Heavy vs. Light

43.4.2 Mature vs. Immature

43.4.3 Sweet vs. Sour

43.4.4 Biodegraded Oils

43.4.5 Corrosive Oils

43.4.6 Benchmark Crude Oils

43.5 Composition of Crude Oils

43.5.1 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

43.5.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

43.5.3 Resins

43.5.4 Asphaltenes

43.6 Spilled Oil in the Environment

43.7 Processes that Alter and Remove Spilled Oil from the Environment

43.7.1 Evaporation

43.7.2 Dissolution

43.7.3 Emulsification

43.7.4 Dispersion

43.7.5 Sedimentation

43.7.6 Penetration into Soils and Sediments

43.7.7 Photooxidation

43.7.8 Combustion

43.7.9 Biodegradation

43.8 Oil Toxicity

Chapter 44: Oil Contaminated Soil: Understanding Biodegradation and Remediation Strategies

44.1 Introduction

44.2 Environmental Factors Impacting Biodegradation

44.2.1 Soil Type

44.2.2 Soil Moisture Content

44.2.3 Oxygen

44.2.4 Temperature

44.2.5 Soil pH

44.2.6 Salinity

44.3 Remediation Technologies

44.3.1 Nutrients and Biostimulation

44.3.2 Ex situ Remediation Techniques

44.3.2.1 Composting, Bulking Agents, and Biochar

44.3.2.2 Landfarming

44.3.2.3 Biopiles

44.3.2.4 Bioaugmentation

44.3.3 Biosurfactants

44.3.4 Phytoremediation

44.4 Conclusion

Chapter 45: Biotechnology Applications in Oil Recovery

45.1 Introduction

45.2 Selective Plugging

45.3 Wettability Alteration

45.4 Surface Tension Alteration

45.5 Bioacids, Biosolvents, and Biogases

45.6 Biodegradation and Clean-up

45.7 Conclusions

Part X: Petrodiesel Fuels in General

Chapter 46: Petrodiesel Fuels: A Scientometric Review of the Research

46.1 Introduction

46.2 Materials and Methodology

46.3 Results.

46.3.1 Indices and Documents

46.3.2 Authors

46.3.3 Publication Years

46.3.4 Institutions

46.3.5 Funding Bodies

46.3.6 Source Titles

46.3.7 Countries

46.3.8 'Web of Science' Subject Categories

46.3.9 Citation Impact

46.3.10 Keywords

46.3.11 Research Fronts

46.4 Discussion

46.5 Conclusion

46.A Appendix

46.A.1 The Keyword Set for Petrodiesel Fuels

Chapter 47: Combustion and Formation of Emissions in Compression Ignition Engines and Emission Reduction Techniques

47.1 Introduction

47.2 Combustion in Diesel Engines

47.2.1 Stages of Diesel Engine Combustion

47.2.2 Ignition Delay (ab)

47.2.3 Rapid Combustion (Premixed Combustion (bc))

47.2.4 Mixing Controlled Combustion (cd)

47.2.5 Late Combustion Phase (de)

47.3 Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions

47.3.1 NO Formation in CI Engines

47.3.1.1 Thermal Mechanism

47.3.1.2 Prompt Mechanism

47.3.1.3 Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) Mechanism

47.3.1.4 NO 2 Formation

47.3.2 Particulate Matter (PM)

47.3.3 'Unburned Hydrocarbons' (UHC) and CO

47.4 NO X -Reducing Techniques

47.4.1 Injection Timing

47.4.2 EGR

47.5 Diesel Exhaust After-Treatment Technologies

47.5.1 DPFs

47.5.2 DOCs

47.5.3 NO x -Reducing After-Treatment Technologies

47.6 Emissions and their Health Effects

47.7 Additives for Diesel Engines

47.8 Oxygenates and Diesel Combustion

Chapter 48: Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soils: A Review of the Research

48.1 Introduction

48.2 Materials and Methodology

48.3 Results

48.4 Discussion

48.4.1 Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soils

48.4.2 Societal Implications

48.5 Conclusion

Chapter 49: Petrodiesel and Biodiesel Fuels for Marine Applications.

49.1 Introduction

49.2 Current Marine Fuels

49.2.1 Marine Fuel Standards and Classification

49.2.2 Combustion of Marine Fuels

49.2.3 The Marine Fuel Market: A View of World Fuel Consumption by Class of Vessel

49.2.4 Marine Fuel Regulations

49.3 Marine Biofuels and Conversion Technologies

49.3.1 Biomass-Derived Diesel Fuels

49.3.2 Drop-in Fuels

49.3.3 Advanced Biofuel Production Technologies

49.3.3.1 Oleochemical Production

49.3.3.2 Thermochemical Production

49.3.3.3 Biofuel Blending

49.3.3.4 Bioethanol

49.3.3.5 Emulsion Biofuels

49.3.3.6 Biogas and Biomethanol

49.4 Status of Marine Biofuel

49.4.1 Marine Biofuel Production

49.4.2 Biofuel Feedstock

49.5 Marine Biofuel Regulations

49.5.1 Marine Biofuel Deployment Initiatives

49.5.2 Biofuel Deployment Challenges

49.6 Conclusions

Chapter 50: Desulfurization of Diesel Fuels: A Review of the Research

50.1 Introduction

50.2 Materials and Methodology

50.3 Results

50.3.1 'Hydrodesulfurization' (HDS) of Sulfur Compounds

50.3.2 Adsorptive Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.3.3 Oxidative Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.3.4 Extractive Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.3.5 Biodesulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.4 Discussion

50.4.1 HDS of Sulfur Compounds

50.4.2 Adsorptive Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.4.3 Oxidative Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.4.4 Extractive Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.4.5 Biodesulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.4.6 Societal Implications of Desulfurization of Sulfur Compounds

50.5 Conclusion

Part XI: Emissions of Petrodiesel Fuels

Chapter 51: Diesel Fuel Exhaust Emissions: A Scientometric Review of the Research

51.1 Introduction

51.2 Materials and Methodology

51.3 Results.

51.3.1 Indices and Documents

51.3.2 Authors

51.3.3 Publication Years

51.3.4 Institutions

51.3.5 Funding Bodies

51.3.6 Source Titles

51.3.7 Countries

51.3.8 Web of Science Subject Categories

51.3.9 Citation Impact

51.3.10 Keywords

51.3.11 Research Fronts

51.4 Discussion

51.5 Conclusion

51.A Appendix

Chapter 52: Diesel Emissions and Approaches to their Mitigation

52.1 Introduction

52.2 Diesel Combustion

52.3 Diesel Exhaust Emissions

52.3.1 Diesel Gaseous Emissions

52.3.1.1 NO x

52.3.1.2 Hydrocarbons (HC)

52.3.1.3 CO

52.3.2 Solid-Phase Emissions

52.3.2.1 Soot

52.3.2.2 PM

52.4 Methods of Mitigation

52.4.1 NO x Emission Mitigation

52.4.1.1 Pre-Combustion Techniques

52.4.1.2 Exhaust After-Treatment Techniques

52.4.2 Particulates Emission Mitigation

52.4.2.1 Pre-Combustion Techniques

52.4.2.2 Post-Combustion Techniques

52.4.3 Simultaneous NO x and Particulate Reduction

52.4.3.1 'Low-Temperature Combustion' (LTC)

52.4.3.2 Water Injection

52.4.3.3 After-Treatment Technologies

52.4.4 HC and CO Emission Mitigation

52.4.4.1 Use of a Turbocharger

52.4.4.2 'Diesel Oxidation Catalyst' (DOC)

52.5 Conclusions

Chapter 53: Particles from Compression and Spark Ignition Engines

53.1 Introduction

53.2 Particles from CI Engines

53.2.1 Number and Size Distribution of Particles from CI Engines

53.2.2 Chemical Composition of Particles from CI Engines

53.2.3 Methods for CI Particle Control

53.3 Particles from SI Engines

53.3.1 Particles from PFI Engines

53.3.2 Particles from DI Engines

53.4 Conclusions

53.4.1 Particles from CI Engines

53.4.2 Particles from SI Engines

Chapter 54: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x Emissions

54.1 Introduction.

54.2 Vanadium-based SCR Catalysts.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-000-34858-X

1-000-34868-7

0-367-45625-7

9780367456252

OCLC:

1244625622

Publisher Number:

9780367456252