Cryogenic Technologies at the European Spallation Source : A Big Science Case Study.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Weisend II, John.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Particle accelerators.

Engineering design.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (438 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2024.

Summary:

This book describes the design, construction and commissioning of the cryogenic systems at the European Spallation Source, a new Big Science Facility. It also describes the experiences and lessons learned in building a complex cryogenic system in a brand new laboratory with significant in-kind contributions.

Contents:

Intro

Acknowledgements

Editor biography

John Weisend

Contributor biographies

List of contributors

Contributors

Chapter Introduction to the European Spallation Source

1.1 Motivations for ESS

1.2 The ESS facility

1.2.1 Accelerator overview

1.2.2 Target overview

1.2.3 Neutron science systems

1.3 Sustainability and heat recovery

1.4 Availability

1.5 Project funding and in-kind contributions

References

Chapter An overview of the ESS cryogenic system and its design evolution

2.1 Overview of the ESS cryogenics system

2.2 Conceptual design and early decisions

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Number of cryoplants

2.2.3 Location of the cryoplants

2.2.4 Building sizes

2.2.5 Plant capacities and safety margins

2.2.6 Procurement of the cryoplants

2.3 Evolution of cryogenic system design

2.4 Staffing and recruitment

2.5 Cryogenic safety at ESS

2.6 Best practices and lessons learned

Chapter The Accelerator Cryoplant

3.1 Early work

3.1.1 Laboratory visits

3.1.2 User discussions

3.1.3 Interfaces

3.1.4 CMs and CDS database

3.1.5 Project staging

3.1.6 Operation modes

3.1.7 Heat load estimation

3.1.8 Industry studies

3.2 Schedule

3.3 Budget and costs

3.4 Staffing

3.5 Procurement strategy, technical specification, and bid evaluation

3.5.1 Procurement strategy

3.5.2 Technical specification

3.5.3 Call for tender and bid evaluation

3.6 Norms and rules

3.7 Quality assurance and control

3.8 Naming convention

3.9 System overview

3.10 Meeting and reviews

3.11 Intermediate inspection

3.12 Delivery

3.13 Installation

3.14 Warm compressor commissioning22This section is reproduced from Wang X L et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 755 012087 used with permission.

3.14.1 General test procedures.

3.14.2 Final acceptance test results

3.14.3 Issues and improvements during commissioning

3.14.4 Conclusion

3.15 ACCP commissioning experience

3.15.1 ACCP SAT

3.15.2 ACCP commissioning and performance tests

3.15.3 The cold compressor operation

3.15.4 ACCP-CDS heat-load test preparation

3.15.5 ACCP-CDS integrated commissioning

3.15.6 Issues

3.16 Lessons learned

Appendix A: ACCP technical specification

Appendix B: ACCP bid evaluation criteria

1. PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION

2. CAPEX EVALUATION

3. OPEX EVALUATION

4. QUALITATIVE EVALUATION

Chapter The cryogenic distribution system

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Execution of the CDS project

4.3 Functional and technical requirements

4.4 Piping and instrumentation diagrams

4.5 Conceptual design

4.6 Detailed design

4.7 Procurement

4.8 Production and transportation

4.9 Installation

4.10 Commissioning

4.11 Lessons learned and corrective actions

4.12 Second commissioning

Chapter The target moderator cryoplant

5.1 Background and history

5.1.1 Why do we need a TMCP?

5.1.2 User discussions

5.1.3 Reference projects-SNS and J-Parc

5.1.4 Where the TMCP diverges from previous facility designs

5.2 Project overview

5.2.1 Interfaces

5.3 TMCP technical requirements

5.3.1 Standards

5.4 Procurement

5.4.1 Procurement strategy

5.4.2 TMCP technical specification

5.4.3 TMCP SOW

5.4.4 Call for tender and bid evaluation

5.4.5 Vacuum insulated piping

5.5 Project execution

5.5.1 Design reviews

5.5.2 Inspections and factory acceptance tests

5.6 Description of the delivered TMCP

5.6.1 Compressor system

5.6.2 Cold box

5.7 CTL

5.7.1 JSB

5.8 TMCP operation

5.8.1 Maximum normal design mode

5.8.2 Normal low power mode

5.8.3 Normal turndown mode.

5.8.4 Long term switching from nominal to turndown

5.8.5 Long term switching from turndown to nominal

5.8.6 Beam trip

5.9 Installation

5.10 Commissioning

5.10.1 Preparation

5.10.2 Compressor station

5.10.3 Expansion turbine performance

5.10.4 CTL heat load measurement

5.10.5 CTL pressure drop measurement

5.10.6 TMCP cooling capacity

5.10.7 Two cold turbine and one warm turbine operation.

5.10.8 Transient heat load test.

5.10.9 Estimation of TMCP inventory

5.11 Summary

5.12 Lessons learned

Chapter The cryogenic moderator system

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Hydrogen

6.3 CMS design

6.4 Hydrogen safety measures

6.5 Main components

6.5.1 Liquid hydrogen pump

6.5.2 OP converter

6.5.3 PCB tank

6.5.4 Heat exchangers

6.5.5 In situ real-time measurement system for ortho- and para-fractions of LH2 (OPMS)

6.5.6 HVL

6.5.7 Hydrogen filling station

6.6 CMS process design

6.6.1 Pressure drop

6.6.2 Heat load

6.6.3 Pressure and temperature fluctuation caused by the proton beam being turned on or off

6.7 Safety

6.7.1 PRDs of the process line

6.7.2 Failure analysis for liquid hydrogen leaking into a vacuum envelope

6.7.3 Instrument air failure

6.7.4 Atmosphere explosible and explosion protection

6.8 CMS CBx fabrication

6.9 Cryogenic test of the CMS CBx

6.9.1 Development of a mixing system

6.9.2 Cool-down test

6.9.3 Hydrogen pump performance test

6.9.4 Pressure drop

6.9.5 Pressure control at the nominal condition

6.10 CMS installation status at the ESS site

6.11 Suggestions and lessons learned

Chapter The test and instruments cryoplant and auxiliary systems

7.1 Introduction

7.2 TICP procurement preparation

7.2.1 Heat load requirements and core design choices.

7.2.2 Other subsystem requirements and design choices

7.2.3 TICP scope and split in procurement lots

7.3 TICP design choices

7.3.1 TICP warm compression system

7.3.2 TICP coldbox system

7.3.3 TICP central recovery system

7.4 TICP installation

7.5 TICP commissioning and acceptance testing

7.5.1 Helium purification by means of the external purifier

7.5.2 Helium liquefaction including coldbox internal purifier

7.5.3 CM test stand operation and PVPS

7.6 Operation experiences and continuous improvement

7.6.1 Preparation of cryoline and test stand operation

7.6.2 Modifications and fine-tuning

7.7 Summary and lessons learned

7.7.1 Process design lessons learned

7.7.2 Mechanical design lessons learned

7.7.3 Controls lessons learned

7.8 Summary

Chapter Elliptical cavity cryomodules and the ESS superconducting radio frequency collaboration

8.1 ESS SRF collaboration related to elliptical components

8.1.1 In-kind management for elliptical cavities and cryomodules

8.1.2 Towards an ESS collaborative model for the elliptical cryomodules

8.1.3 The SRF technology

8.1.4 Manufacture cost estimate and schedule for elliptical cryomodules

8.2 Elliptical cryomodules technical management

8.2.1 Elliptical cryomodule project management

8.2.2 Technical requirements applied to elliptical cryomodules

8.2.3 Quality management and equipment compliance applied to elliptical cryomodules

8.3 Integration of the elliptical cryomodule components

8.3.1 Elliptical cryomodule description

8.3.2 Assembly steps of elliptical cryomodule

8.3.3 Functional analysis and operational modes

8.3.4 Instrumentation and control

8.3.5 Interfaces for the elliptical cryomodules

8.4 Elliptical cryomodules testing

8.4.1 Cryomodule testing

8.4.2 Cryomodule component testing.

8.5 Lessons learned

8.5.1 Transfer of knowledge and technology for SRF collaboration

8.5.2 Lessons learned from earlier projects for elliptical cavities and cryomodules, and contributions to future projects

8.5.3 Training and outreach activities

8.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Chapter Spoke cavity cryomodules

9.1 ESS SRF collaboration related to spoke components

9.1.1 In-kind management for spoke cavities and cryomodules

9.1.2 Towards an ESS collaborative model for the spoke cryomodules

9.1.3 The SRF technology and spoke cryomodule

9.1.4 Manufacture cost estimate and schedule for spoke cavities and cryomodules

9.2 Spoke cryomodule technical management

9.2.1 Spoke cryomodule project management

9.2.2 Technical requirements applied to spoke cryomodules

9.2.3 Quality management and equipment compliance applied to spoke cryomodules

9.3 Spoke cryomodule component integration

9.3.1 Spoke cryomodule description

9.3.2 Assembly steps of spoke cryomodules

9.4 Spoke cryomodules testing

9.4.1 Spoke cryomodule testing

9.4.2 Spoke cryomodule components and interfaces

9.5 Lessons learned

9.5.1 Transfer of knowledge and technology for SRF collaboration

9.5.2 Lessons learned from earlier projects for spoke cavities and cryomodules and contributions to future projects

9.5.3 Training and outreach activities

9.6 Conclusion

Chapter Cryogenics testing of elliptical cryomodules at ESS

10.1 Cavities and cryomodules life cycle

10.1.1 SRF collaboration

10.1.2 Life cycle of cavities and cryomodules

10.1.3 The ESS TS2

10.1.4 The elliptical cryomodule

10.1.5 Site acceptance testing of elliptical cryomodules

10.1.6 TS2 cryogenics testing

10.2 Lessons learned

References.

Chapter Cryomodule testing at Uppsala University.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

9780750344449

075034444X

OCLC:

1455138632