Lead-free piezo-ceramic solid solutions / R. Saravanan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Saravanan, R., author.

Series:

Materials Research Foundations Series

Materials Research Foundations Series ; v.41

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Piezoelectric devices--Materials.

Piezoelectric devices.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (177 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Millersville, PA : Materials Research Forum LLC, [2018]

Summary:

The present book presents the results of a systematic investigation of the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of this type of lead-free solid solution ceramics Keywords: Piezoelectric Materials, Lead Toxicity, Lead-free Piezo-Ceramics, Perovskite Ceramics, Sensor Devices, Actuator Devices, Piezoelectric Devices, Ferroelectric Devices, Barium Titanate, Sodium Potassium Niobate, Sodium Bismuth Titanate, Electron Density Distribution, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, UV-visible Spectroscopy, Dielectric Measurements, Ferroelectric Measurements, Piezoelectric Measurements.

Contents:

Intro

front-matter

Table of Contents

Preface

1

Introduction

1.1 Objectives

1.2 Fundamentals of dielectric materials

1.2.1 Dielectrics

1.2.2 Classification of dielectrics

1.2.3 Ferroelectricity

1.2.3.1 Ferroelectric hysteresis

1.2.4 Piezoelectricity

1.2.5 Perovskite structures

1.2.6 Phase transition

1.2.7 Morphotropic phase boundary (MPB)

1.3 Review of Literature

1.3.1 Lead-based piezoelectric materials

1.3.1.1 Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)

1.3.2 Lead-free piezoelectric materials

1.3.3 Need for the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

1.3.4 Structural and piezoelectric properties of lead-free materials

1.3.4.1 Barium titanate (BaTiO3)

1.3.4.2 Na0.5K0.5NbO3-BaTiO3 based solid solutions (NKN-BT)

1.3.4.3 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 based solid solutions (NBT-BT)

1.3.4.4 K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 based solid solutions (KBT-BT)

1.4 Methodologies used for analysis

1.4.1 Structural determination using Rietveld refinement technique

1.4.1.1 Rietveld method

1.4.2 Electron density distribution

1.4.2.1 Fourier method

1.4.2.2 Maximum entropy method

1.4.2.3 Methodology for the determination of charge density

References

2

Synthesis and experimental techniques

2. Synthesis and experimental techniques

2.1 Synthesis of ceramics

2.1.1 Solid state reaction (SSR)

2.1.1.1 Mixing and ball milling

2.1.1.2 Calcination

2.1.1.3 Pelletizing

2.1.1.4 Sintering

2.1.1.5 Electrode deposition

2.1.1.6 Electrical poling

2.2 Preparation of lead-free solid solutions

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Preparation of (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3.

2.2.3 Preparation of (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3

2.2.4 Preparation of (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3

2.2.5 Preparation of (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3

2.2.6 Preparation of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3.

2.3 Characterization methods and instrumentations

2.3.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD)

2.3.1.1 Instrumentation

2.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

2.3.3 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)

2.3.4 UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis)

2.3.4.1 Instrumentation

2.3.5 Dielectric measurements

2.3.6 P-E loop measurements

2.3.7 Piezoelectric constant (d33) measurements

3

Results

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Structural characterization - Powder X-ray diffraction

3.2.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

y=0.01, 0.05)

3.2.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

y=0.03, 0.05

z=0.05,0.1)

3.2.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

3.2.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

3.2.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

3.3 Microstructure and elemental characterization (SEM/EDS)

3.3.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

3.3.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

y=0.03,0.05

3.3.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

3.3.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

3.3.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

3.4 Optical characterization

3.4.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

3.4.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

3.4.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

3.4.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

3.4.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

3.5 Dielectric characterization

3.5.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

3.5.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

z=0.05,0.1).

3.5.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

3.5.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

3.5.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

3.6 Ferroelectric and piezoelectric measurements

3.6.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

3.6.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

3.6.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

3.6.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

3.6.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

3.7 Electron density studies

3.7.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

3.7.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

3.7.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

3.7.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

3.7.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

4

Analysis of results

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Sample preparation

4.3 Powder X-ray diffraction analysis

4.3.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

4.3.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

4.3.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

4.3.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

4.3.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

4.4 Microstructure and elemental analysis of all the lead-free solid solutions

4.5 UV-visible spectra analysis of all the lead-free solid solutions

4.6 Dielectric properties of all the lead-free solid solutions

4.7 Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties

4.7.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

4.7.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

4.7.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

4.7.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

4.7.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

4.8 Charge density analysis

4.8.1 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)NbO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1, 0.2

4.8.1.1 Correlation between charge density and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)NKN-xBT ceramics

4.8.2 (1-x)(Na1-yKy)(Nb1-zSbz)O3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.1,0.2

4.8.2.1 Correlation between charge density and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)NKNS-xBT ceramics

4.8.3 (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)

4.8.3.1 Correlation between charge density and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)NKNS-xBT ceramics

4.8.4 (1-x)(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3, (x=0.00, 0.08, 0.12)

4.8.5 (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6)

4.8.5.1 Correlation between charge density and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)BZT-xBCT ceramics

5

Conclusion

5. Conclusion

i) Structural analysis

ii) Microstructure, elemental and optical analysis

iii) Dielectric properties

iv) Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties

v) Charge density analysis

back-matter

Keyword Index

About the Author.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-945291-95-8

OCLC:

1076260040