A text book on water chemistry : sampling, data analysis and interpretation / A. G. S. Reddy.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Reddy, A. G. S., author.

Series:

Analytical chemistry and microchemistry

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water chemistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (572 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, [2020]

Summary:

"The aim of the book is to provide domain-specific text/reference material pertaining water chemistry/hydrogeochemistry catering to students of geology, hydrogeology, civil engineers, hydrochemistry and environmental sciences. It will also be very much useful to professionals involved in water supply, treatment, and researchers engaged in water chemistry. The book is intended to provide ample realistic examples on water quality pertaining to varied geological environs, which would help in easy understanding of concepts. Question bank and exercises with keys/answers are provided for each chapter, which would facilitate the readers to assess their understanding and also facilitate in competitive tests. The book covers all the topics related to water chemistry with emphasis on ground water. Interpretation techniques for major ion content of water are deliberated exhaustively. Procedure of preparation of plots, graphs and calculations of various indices both manually and using simple software are discussed in detail"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1

Introduction to Water Chemistry

1.1. Water Chemistry

1.1.1. Broad Classification of Water

1.1.2. Water Chemistry Studies

1.1.3. Water Chemistry Studies in Surface Water

1.1.4. Water Chemistry Studies in Groundwater

1.1.5. Different Types of Water Chemistry Study

1.1.6. Professional Involved In Water Chemistry Study

1.1.7. Organizations Involved in Water Chemistry Studies

1.2. Hydrogeochemistry

1.3. Water Quality Assessment and Hydrogochemical Study

1.4. Different Types of Water Chemistry Study

1.4.1. Monitoring of Water Chemistry

1.4.2. Surveillance of Water Chemistry

1.4.3. Part of Hydrological or Hydrogeological Study

1.4.4. Detail Hydrogeochemical Study

1.4.5. Water Contamination Study

1.4.6. Advanced Hydrogeochemical Study

1.4.7. Inter-Discipline Study

1.5. Steps Involved in the Hydrogeochemical Study

1.5.1. Identification of the Area

1.5.2. Collection of Literature and Data

1.5.3. Sampling Procedures

1.5.4. Water Analysis

1.5.5. Data Organization and Analysis

1.5.6. Interpretation

1.5.7. Presentation

1.5.8. Report

1.6. Sum-Up

1.7. Questions Bank

Chapter 2

Structure of H2O

2.1. Chemical Name of the Water

2.2. Structure of H2O

2.3. Unique Features of Water

2.3.1. Electronegativity

2.4. Hydrogeochemical Cycle

2.5. Groundwater Chemistry

2.6. A Qualitative Study of Groundwater

2.7. Sum-Up

2.8. Questions Bank

References

Chapter 3

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water

3.1. Physical Characteristics

3.1.1. Temperature

3.1.2. Turbidity

3.1.3. Colour, Taste, and Odor

3.2. Bacterial and Microscopic Organisms

3.2.1. Coli Form Bacteria

3.2.2. Giardia

3.2.3. Cryptosporidium

3.2.4. Hepatitis A

3.2.5. Helminths.

3.3. For Sewage and Other Pollution-Related Studies BOD, COD, and DO Are Analyzed

3.3.1. BOD

3.3.2. COD

3.3.3. DO

3.4. Chemical Constituents of Water

3.4.1. pH (Hydrogen Ion Activity)

3.4.2. Electrical Conductivity (EC)

3.4.3. TDS

3.4.4. Salinity

3.4.5. Hardness

3.4.6. Alkalinity

3.4.7. Base Neutralizing Capacity

3.4.8. Inorganic Chemical Constituents of Groundwater

3.4.8.1. Cations

3.4.8.1.1. Calcium (Ca) Is the Fifth Most Abundant Natural Element

3.4.8.1.2. Magnesium (Mg) Is the Eighth Abundant Natural Element

3.4.8.1.3. Sodium (Na) Is the Sixth Most Abundant Element on Earth and Is Widely Distributed in Soils, Plants, Water, and Foods

3.4.8.1.4. Potassium (K) Is an Element Commonly Found in Soils and Few Minerals of Rocks (Orthoclase)

3.4.8.1.5. Iron (Fe) Dissolved in Groundwater Is in the Reduced Iron II Form

3.4.9. Anions

3.4.9.1. Carbonate (CO3) and Bicarbonate (HCO3)

3.4.9.2. Sulfate (SO4)

3.4.9.3. Chloride (Cl)

3.4.9.4. Nitrate (NO3)

3.4.9.5. Fluoride (F)

3.5. Trace Elements/Metals

3.5.1. Chromium (Cr)

a. Anthropogenic Sources

b. Natural Sources

c. Transport Characteristics

3.5.2. Strontium (Sr)

3.5.3. Lead (Pb)

3.5.4. Mercury

3.5.5. Zinc

3.5.6. Aluminum

3.6. Radioactive Elements

3.7. Sum-Up

3.8. Questions Bank

Websites

Chapter 4

Water Sampling Methods

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Objective and Design of Water Sampling

4.2.1. Objectives of Sampling

4.2.2. Design of Sampling

4.2.3. Monitoring

4.2.4. Surveillance

4.2.5. Survey

4.2.6. Network Design of Sampling

4.2.7. Baseline Station

4.2.8. Surveillance or Trend-Cum Surveillance Stations

4.2.9. Frequency and Parameters to Be Tested

4.3. Sampling Protocols

4.3.1. Prerequisite Preparations for Sample Collection.

4.3.2. Frequency and Interval of Sampling

4.3.3. Sampling Cycle

4.3.4. Sample Density

4.3.5. Representative Sampling

4.4. Sample Containers

4.5. Labelling of Sample Container

4.6. Sample Source (Site) Information

4.7. Spot Analysis

4.8. Sample Collection Equipment

4.8.1. Bailers

4.9. Sampling Procedures

4.9.1. Sampling Points

4.9.2. Purging

4.9.3. No-Purge Sampling

4.10. Types of Sample

4.10.1. General Sample

4.10.2. Grab Sample

4.10.3. Composite Sample

4.10.4. Depth Specific Sample

4.11. Sample Preservation

4.12. Sample Transportation

4.13. Sample Storage in Laboratory

4.14. Sum-Up

4.15. Questions Bank

Chapter 5

Chemical Analysis of Water

5.1. Commonly Analyzed Parameters, Methods, and Instrument

5.2. Details Methods of Determination of Select Parameters

5.2.1. Ammonia (NH3)

5.2.2. Boron (B)

5.2.3. Bromide (Br-)

5.2.4. Chlorine (Residual)

5.2.5. Chloride (Cl-)

5.2.6. Electrical Conductivity (EC)

5.2.7. Fluorine (F-)

5.2.8. pH

5.2.8.1. Electrometric Method

5.2.9. Nitrogen (N)

5.2.9.1. Nitrate (NO3-)

5.2.9.2. Nitrogen (Organic) Norg

5.2.9.3. Oxygen (Dissolved)

5.2.9.4. Ozone (Residual) Indigo Colorimetric Method

5.2.10. Phosphorus (PO43-)

5.2.10.1. Digestion Methods

5.2.10.2. Colorimetric Method

5.2.10.3. Automated Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method

5.2.11. Silica (SiO2)

5.2.12. Sulfate (Sulphate - SO42-)

5.2.13. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

5.2.13.1. Laboratory Method

5.2.13.2. Estimation Methods

A. Empirical Factor Method

B. Summation Method

5.2.14. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

5.2.15. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

5.2.16. Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

5.2.17. Phenols

5.2.18. Semi-Volatile Compounds

5.2.19. Carbamate Pesticides

5.2.20. Acidic Herbicide Compounds.

5.2.21. Glyphosate Herbicide

5.2.22. Quality Assurance/Quality Control

5.3. Units of Water Quality Parameters

5.3.1. Parts Per Million

5.3.2. Equivalent Weight

5.3.3. Conversion

5.3.4. Precession of Analysis

5.4. Water Chemistry Data Validation

5.4.1. Collected Data

5.4.2. Analyzed Results

5.5. Examples

5.5.1. Ion Charge Balance

5.5.2. Data Validation

5.6. Sum-Up

5.7. Questions Bank

5.8. Exercise

Chapter 6

Organization of Water Chemistry Data

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Grouping of Numerical Data

6.2.1. Steps in Preparation of Tables

6.3. Graphical Presentation of Water Chemistry Data

6.3.1. Isopleths Maps

6.3.2. Graphs

6.4. Sum-Up

6.5. Questions Bank

6.6. Exercise

Reference

Chapter 7

Graphical Presentation of Water Chemistry Data

7.1. Binary Plots

7.2. Frequency Distribution Plots

7.3. Pie Diagram

7.4. Histogram Plots

7.5. Stiff Diagram

7.6. Cross Plots

Method 1

Method 2

7.7. Ternary Plot

Method

7.8. Sum-Up

7.9. Questions Bank

7.10. Exercise

Website

Chapter 8

Assessment of Water for Drinking Purposes

8.1. Assessment of Water for Different Purposes

8.2. Water for Drinking Purposes

8.3. Drinking-Water Standard

8.4. Quality Testing of Drinking Water

8.5. Commonly Found Pathogens

8.6. Inorganic Constituents in Water

8.7. Indian Drinking Water Standards

8.8. Role of Professionals

8.9. Essential Tasks of Hydrogeologist or Chemist

8.10. Sum-Up

8.11. Example

8.12. Questions Bank

8.13. Exercise

Chapter 9

Assessment of Water for Irrigation

9.1. Groundwater for Irrigation

9.2. Salinity

9.2.1. EC

9.2.2. TDS

9.2.3. Chlorinity

9.3. Sodicity

9.3.1. Soluble Sodium Percentage

9.3.2. Sodium Absorption Ratio.

9.3.3. Percent Sodium

9.3.4. Residual Sodium Carbonate

9.3.5. Kelley's Index

9.3.6. Magnesium Ratio

9.3.7. Permeability Index

9.4. Specific Ions/Parameters Effect on Irrigation

9.4.1. Boron Hazard

9.4.2. Potassium

9.4.3. Chloride

9.4.4. Nitrogen

9.4.5. pH and Alkalinity

9.5. Management Techniques

9.5.1. Salinity Management

9.5.2. Sodicity Management Techniques

9.6. Tasks of a Hydrogeologist

9.7. Sum-Up

9.8. Example

9.9. Questions Bank

9.10. Exercise

Chapter 10

Assessment of Water for Domestic Purposes

10.1. Domestic Suitability

10.2. pH

10.3. Total Hardness

10.3.1. Temporary Hardness

10.3.2. Permanent Hardness

10.4. Preventive Measures

10.5. Essential Tasks of Hydrogeologist or Chemist

10.6. Sum-Up

10.7. Example

10.8. Questions Bank

10.9. Exercise

Chapter 11

Assessment of Water for Industrial Purposes

11.1. Industrial Suitability

11.2. Corrosivity Ratio

11.3. Larson Index

11.4. Scaling Indices

11.5. Langelier Saturation Index (LSI)

11.6. Ryznar Stability Index

11.7. Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI)

11.8. Role of Water Chemist/Hydrogeochemist

11.9. Sum-Up

11.10. Examples

11.11. Questions Bank

11.12. Exercise

Chapter 12

Variations in Water Chemistry

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Monitoring Methods

12.3. Temporal Variations

12.3.1. Seasonal Variations

12.3.1.1. Example-1

12.3.2. Variations between Two Sampling Episodes

12.3.2.1. Example-2

12.3.2.2. Example-3

12.3.3. Long-Term Temporal Variations

12.3.3.1. Example-4

12.3.3.2. Example-5

12.4. Spatial Variations in Water Chemistry

12.4.1. Point Data Maps

12.4.2. Isopleths Maps

12.5. Depth-Wise Variation in Water Quality

12.5.1. Surface Water

12.5.1.1. Example-6.

12.5.2. Groundwater.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-5361-6704-5

OCLC:

1138671108