Research challenges in science, engineering and technology / S. Kannadhasan, R. Nagarajan, M. Shanmuganantham, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kannadhasan, S., editor.

Shanmuganantham, M., editor.

Nagarajan, R. (Control engineer), editor.

Series:

Advances in Applied Science and Engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Technology--Research.

Technology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (364 pages)

Place of Publication:

New York, New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., [2021]

Summary:

"This edited volume includes eighteen chapters and discusses various research challenges in science, engineering and technology. Topics discussed include learning methods of artificial intelligence, computerized medical image processing, human-computer interaction for detection of hand gestures, community energy storage, e-learning, prediction of diabetic risk, hydrogen fuel cells for automobiles, solar cells, and more"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Evaluation and Learning Methods of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Introduction

Literature Review

History of Artificial Intelligence

Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952)

The Golden Years-Early Enthusiasm (1956-1974)

The First AI Winter (1974-1980)

A Boom of AI (1980-1987)

The Second AI Winter (1987-1993)

The Emergence of Intelligent Agents (1993-2011)

Deep Learning, Big Data, and Artificial General Intelligence (2011-Present)

Components of AI

The User Interface

The Information Base

The Shell or interface Engine

Branches of Artificial Intelligence

Genetic Programming

Ontology

Epistemology

Heuristics

Benefits of Artificial Intelligence

Search and Optimization

Logic

Probabilistic Methods for Uncertain Reasoning

Classifiers and Statistical Learning Methods

Neural Networks

Optimisation

Function Optimization

Planning

Machine Learning

Neural Network

Inductive Programming

Decision Tree Learning

Data Mining

Bayesian Networks

Comparison Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Future Scope

References

Chapter 2

Computerised Medical Image Processing

Objective

Background

Fundamental Steps in Image Processing

Medical Imaging Procedures

CT Scanners

Working

Advantages

Disadvantages

MRI Scanners

Nuclear Medicine Imaging (Positron Emission Tomography)

Ultrasound

X-Rays

Applications of MRI Scan in Medical Diagnosis

Advanced Technologies for Medical Imaging Systems

Medical Imaging in the Cloud.

The Future of Medical Imaging: AI, Cloud and Beyond

Chapter 3

A Review on Data Driven Based Discrimination Techniques between Faults and Power Swing for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Support Vector Machine

Decision Tree

Random Forest

Convolutional Neural Network

Future Works

Chapter 4

Antimicrobial Behaviour of Substituted Styryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

Results and Discussion

IR Spectral Study

1H NMR Spectral Study

13C NMR Spectral Study

Antimicrobial Activities

Antibacterial Activities of Substituted Styryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketones

Antifungal Activities of Substituted Styryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketones

Experiment

Chemistry

Synthesis of Substituted Styryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketones

Styryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

3-Bromostyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

4-Bromostyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

3-Chlorostyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

4-Chlorostyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

3-Fluorostyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

3-Hydroxystyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

2-Methoxystyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

4-Methoxystyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

3-Nitrostyryl 3-Nitro-4-Chlorophenyl Ketone

Chapter 5

Computation of Congestion Cost in Transmission Lines

Problem Formulation

Application of Power World Simulator in the Proposed Work

Transmission Congestion Cost Calculation

Chapter 6

Human Computer Interaction for Detection of Hand Gesture Using 3D Convolutional Neural Network in Machine Learning Techniques

1. Introduction

1.1.

1.1. The Importance of the User Interface

1.2. HCI with Hand Gesture

1.3. Types of HCI

2. Related Work

3. Hand Gesture Recognition Model

3.1. Convolutional Neural Network

3.2. Baseline CNN Architecture: CNN

3.3. Adapted CNN Architecture: ADCNN

3.3.1. Data Augmentation

3.4. Double-Channel (CNN)

4. 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

4.1. Video Preprocessing

4.2. Feature Learning and Classification

Chapter 7

Community Energy Storage: National and International Scenario - A Review

Community Energy Storage - International Scenario

Community Energy Storage - National Scenario

About the Authors

Chapter 8

Modelling of Multi-Input Three Level DC-DC Converter

Proposed Multi-Input Isolated Three-Level DC/DC Converter

Topology Description

Operation Principle

Simulink Model

Simulation Output

Chapter 9

E-Learning and Beyond: The Future of Technology in Education

E-Learning

Online Learning Strategies for Active Learning

Recommendations

Chapter 10

State of Charge Estimation Techniques Using the Filter-Based and Data-Driven Approach: A Review

Filter Based Estimation Methods for SOC

SOC Estimation Using Kalman Filter

SOC Estimation Using Extended Kalman Filter

SOC Estimation Using Unscented Kalman Filter

Data Driven Based Estimation Methods for SOC

SOC Estimation Using Support Vector Machine (SVM)

SOC Estimation Using Neural Networks

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

NIO Feed forward Neural Networks (NIO FFNs)

NARX Feed Back Neural Networks (NARX BPNs)

Fine Tuning of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Comparative Analysis.

Deep Feedforward Neural Networks (DNNs)

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) Approach

Future Works in SOC

Conflict of Interest

Acknowledgments

Chapter 11

A Superlative Set Theory for the Prediction of Diabetic Risk

Literature Survey

Superlative Soft Sets Rule Mining

Definition I

Illustration

Definition II

Fuzzified Dataset

Conversion of Fuzzy Sets to Superlative Sets

Reducing the Soft Set Parameters

Soft Rules Generation

Investigation Superlative Rules

Performance Evaluation

Chapter 12

Investigation of Boost Converter Using Enhanced Dynamic Power Factor Rectification

2. Boost Converter

2.1. Method 1

2.2. Mode 2

2.3. Boost Converter Equations [5]

3. Power Loss Analysis Calculation for Boost Converter

3.1. Power Loss of Mosfet

3.2. Calculation for Power Loss of Mosfet

3.3. Power Loss of Diode

4. Power Factor Correction for Boost Converter

Chapter 13

Hydrogen Fuel Cell for Automobile Industries: A Review

Basic Working Principle of Fuel Cell

Alkali Fuel Cell

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Membrane

Polymer Electrolytes

Proton Exchange Membrane

Comparison of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles with Battery Electric Vehicles

Based on the Mass Density

Based on the Refueling Time

Based on the Costs

Challenges of Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Barriers in Commercialization of Fuel Cells

Cost of Fuel Cell

Technical Barriers

Hydrogen Infrastructure.

Future Works

Chapter 14

MediSearch: A Framework for Keyword Search on Medical Terms Related to Air Pollution

Air Pollution and Their Health Impacts

Nitrogen Oxide (NO2)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Ozone

Particulate Matter

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

MediSearch

Row Generator

Document Generator

Algorithm 1: Document Generator Algorithm

Indexer

Results

Chapter 15

Automatic Hibiscus Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Unsupervised Learning Techniques

2. Literature Survey

3. Procedure for Hibiscus Leaf Disease Detection and Classification

3.1. Image Acquisition

3.2. Image Preprocessing

3.3. Image Segmentation

3.4. Feature Extraction

3.5. Classification

4. Results and Discussion

Chapter 16

Recent Trends in Solar Energy Generation, Challenges and Opportunities

2. Solar Energy

3. Solar Energy Project

4. Solar Photovoltaic

Chapter 17

Optimized Antireflection Coatings for Higher Efficiency ZnO Solar Cell

1.1. Nano-Crystal Solar Cell

1.2. Key Efficiency Parameters of a DSC

1.3. Key Components of the DSC

1.4. Substrates for the DSC

1.5. Ti02 as the Photoelectrode

2. Procedure for the Preparation of DSCs

2.1. Dyes for DSC Photosensitizers

3. Electrolytes for the DSC

4. The Counter Electrode

4.1. Effect of the Thickness of ZnO Photo Electrode in DSSC

5. Result and Discussion

5.1. Efficient Anti-Reflective Coating in ZnO DSSC

Chapter 18

Structural Properties of Fe Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

1. Introduction.

1.1. Introduction of Nanotechnology.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-68507-028-0