The Not Very Patrilocal European Neolithic : Strontium, ADNA, and Archaeological Kinship Analyses.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ensor, Bradley E.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Excavations (Archaeology)--Europe.

Excavations (Archaeology).

Neolithic period--Europe.

Neolithic period.

Household archaeology--Europe.

Household archaeology.

Archaeological geology--Europe.

Archaeological geology.

Strontium--Isotopes.

Strontium.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (252 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Not Very Patrilocal European Neolithic

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Archaeopress, 2021.

Summary:

Two decades of strontium isotope research on Neolithic European burials - reinforced by high-profile ancient DNA studies - has led to widespread interpretations that these were patrilocal societies, implying significant residential mobility for women. This volume questions that narrative from a social anthropological perspective on kinship.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents Page

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface and Acknowledgments

Introduction

Figure 1.1. Locations of Neolithic European sites discussed in text.

Figure 1.2. Chronological distribution of sites discussed in text.

Corporate Kin Groups, Marriage, Residence, and Postmortem Location

Matrilineal descent groups

Figure 2.1. Lineage memberships and biological relations after adopting a unilineal membership principle. Whether matrilineal (top) or patrilineal (bottom) most lineage comembers (black) lack close biological relations and most biological relations are ex

Matrilineal groups and marriage

Matrilineal groups and residence

Figure 2.2. Kinship and community patterns. Settlements of unrelated extended families (A), lineages with separate settlements for sub-lineage families (B), lineages with single settlements (C), clans with multiple sub-clan lineage settlements (D), settle

Matrilineal groups and postmortem location

Patrilineal descent groups

Patrilineal groups and marriage

Patrilineal groups and residence

Patrilineal groups and postmortem location

Bilateral descent

Bilateral descent and marriage

Bilateral descent and corporate residential groups

Bilateral descent with patrilocal corporate residential groups

Bilateral descent with matrilocal corporate residential groups

Bilateral descent with bilocal corporate residential groups

Neolocality

Intra-cemetery Strontium Isotope models

Figure 2.3. Isotope Model 1: Three sets of kinship practices resulting in male homogeneity and female heterogeneity in strontium isotope ratios. Shaded areas represent different geological landforms with different strontium isotope ratios. The bold circle

Sr Isotope model 1

Sr Isotope model 2.

Figure 2.4. Isotope Model 2: Two sets of kinship practices resulting in intra- and inter-sex homogeneity in strontium isotope ratios. Shaded areas represent different geological landforms with different strontium isotope ratios. The bold circle is the vil

Sr Isotope model 3

Figure 2.5. Isotope Model 3: Matrilocality and bilateral descent resulting in female homogeneity and male heterogeneity in strontium isotope ratios. Shaded areas represent different geological landforms with different strontium isotope ratios. The bold ci

Figure 2.6. Isotope Model 4: Bilocality and bilateral descent resulting in intra- and inter-sex heterogeneity in strontium isotope ratios. Shaded areas represent different geological landforms with different strontium isotope ratios. The bold circle is th

Sr Isotope model 4

Intra-cemetery aDNA models

aDNA Model 1. Matrilineal descent groups (regardless of residence)

aDNA Model 2. Matrilocal residential groups with bilateral descent

aDNA Model 3. Patrilineal descent groups without wives' membership transfers

aDNA Model 4. Patrilineal descent groups with wives' membership transfers and patrilocality with bilateral descent

aDNA Model 5: Bilocality and Bilateral Descent

Strontium Isotopes in combination with aDNA

Table 2.1. Kinship structured intra-cemetery aDNA patterns.

Table 2.2. Expected compatibility in dental strontium ratio and aDNA models to narrow down or confirm interpretations.

Special considerations for Neolithic Europe

Neolithic European Kinship: Dental Strontium Isotope Ratios

Iberia

Table 3.1. Comparison of local, near-local, and nonlocal 87Sr/86Sr ratios for females and males at settlements and cemetery sites.

Table 3.2. Percentages of females and males with nonlocal 87Sr/86Sr ratios at settlement and cemetery sites.

Rhine Valley area

Schwetzingen.

Table 3.3. Percentage of sex-pooled local, near-local, and nonlocal 87Sr/86Sr ratios at settlements.

Stuttgart-Mühlhausen

Vaihingen

Ensisheim les Octrois

Upper Danube Valley

Aiterhofen

Dillingen

Saale River tributary

Lech Valley

Western Carpathians region

Vedrovice

Nitra

Kleinhadersdorf

Pannonian Basin

Summary and pooled assessment

Table 3.4. Summary of interpretations based on 87Sr/86Sr ratios.

Flomborn - implications of a colonizing cohort

Mass burials

Eulau

Talheim

Koszyce

Conclusions

Neolithic European Kinship: aDNA

Alto Reinoso

Table 4.1. Distribution of mtDNA haplogroups at Alto Reinoso (extracted from Alt et al. 2016: Table 1).

Can Gambús

Cova de l'Avellaner

Grands Causses

Paris Basin

Table 4.2. Mitochondrial differentiations at Treilles (data from Lacan et al. 2011b: Table S2)

Table 4.3. Shared haplotypes at Obernai (data from Rivollat et al. 2016: Supplemental Table 1).

Rhine Valley

Obernai

Bruchsal-Aue

Table 4.4. Variability in mtDNA based on haplogroup distinctions for the neighboring Lech Valley sites (using data from Knipper et al. 2017: Table 2).

Inter-cemetery models

Table 4.5. Shared haplotypes in the Lech Valley sites (data from Knipper et al. 2017: Table 3).

Weser tributaries

Saale tributaries

Kromsdorf

Karsdorf

Vistula River

Krusza Zamkowa

Table 4.6. 87Sr/86Sr Ratios and genetic relations among the individuals at the Koszyce mass grave (source: Schroeder et al. 2019).

'Supporting Evidence'

Associated behaviors

Subsistence

Table 5.1. Subsistence and descent (Aberle 1961: Table 17-4, reorganized by author).

Residence and descent

Nuclear families

Table 5.2. Residence and descent (Pasternak 1976: Table 4-2, reorganized by author).

Figure 5.1. Hypothetical biological nuclear family relations in cemeteries. Colors indicate first-degree biological relations. Cemeteries with nuclear family relations buried in spatial clusters (A-C): any set of kinship practices where spouses are buried

Inequality and conflict

Inequality

Conflict

Genes ≠ Languages ≠ Culture ≠ Kinship

Phylogenetics

Figure 5.2. Western perceptions of linguistic/cultural groupings versus ethnologically-known compositions and relations. Different shadings represent different linguistic or other cultural practices.

Archaeological Kinship Analysis

Approaches to interpreting kinship

Clans: neither extended families nor lines of descent

Cross-cultural ethnology

Cross-cultural research

Not Ethnographic Analogy

Practices, not social types

Practices, not cultures

Coded data?

Correlations are not 'outdated'

Residential groups

Matrilocal residential groups

Non-matrilocal residential groups

Table 6.1. Patrilocal versus bilocal dwelling arrangements.

Descent groups versus bilateral descent

Table 6.2. Community patterns for descent groups versus bilateral descent.

Descent and residence

Figure 6.1. Material correlates of kinship practices. Idealized dwelling sizes and spatial distributions (top). Archaeological examples from Snaketown, Arizona, USA (below left) and Islas de Los Cerros, Tabasco, México (below right).

Inferences on marriage systems

Evaluation

Methodological issues?

Caveats for archaeology?

Explanation

Community variation and change

Archaeological requirements

Neolithic European Kinship: Archaeology

Greece

Figure 7.1. Settlement plans emphasizing houses at Ameal, Camino de las Yeseras, Niuet, and La Draga. (Redrawn and compiled from Bernabeu Aubán 1994: Figure 2.2.

Blasco et al. 2007: Figure 2

Jorge 2014: Figure 7

Revelles 2017: Figure 1

Tarrús 2008: fig

Ameal

Camino de las Yeseras

Niuet

La Draga

Structures at other Iberian settlements

Discussion

Central Europe

Longhouse living floor area

Figure 7.2. Examples of proxy estimates for living floor areas in longhouses. The specific dwellings are features 380 and 400 from Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes (Redrawn from Gomart et al. 2015: Figure 1).

A Kinship perspective on longhouses and settlements

Figure 7.3. Settlement plan of Langweiler 8 contrasting ward versus row interpretations. The dashed lines illustrate ward interpretations. The solid lines illustrate row interpretations. (Redrawn and compiled from Rück 2009: figures 12 and 13). Numbers ar

I. Dwellings and residence actions

II. Residential groups

III. Bilateral descent and descent groups

Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes

Figure 7.4. Settlement plans for three phases at Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes. (Redrawn from Gomart et al. 2015: Figure 1). Red shading indicates structures assigned to a phase. Grey shading indicates structures abandoned in the prior phase. Unshaded indicates st

Table 7.1. Living floor area proxies for both construction assumptions at Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes.

Elsloo

Figure 7.5. Settlement plans for phases I b and I c at Elsloo. (Redrawn from Modderman 1975: Figure

phase assignments are from Modderman 1970). Red shading indicates structures assigned to a subphase. Faded red shading indicates structures assigned to a

Table 7.2. Living floor area proxies for both construction assumptions at Elsloo.

Figure 7.6. Settlement plans for phases I d and II a-b at Elsloo. (Redrawn from Modderman 1975: Figure.

phase assignments are from Modderman 1970). Red shading indicates structures assigned to a subphase. Faded red shading indicates structures assigned to.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781789699814

1789699819

OCLC:

1273974141