Cardiac Care and COVID-19.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Karcioglu, Ozgur.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Emergency medicine.

COVID-19 (Disease).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (288 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Cardiac Care and COVID-19

Place of Publication:

Sharjah : Bentham Science Publishers, 2021.

Summary:

Cardiac Care and COVID-19: Perspectives in Medical Practice is an accessible reference on diagnoses and treatment modalities for cardiac diseases in general, and emergency cardiac conditions to be more specific, with respect to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters in the book give updated descriptions of common problems in emergency medicine and cardiovascular disease. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific cardiovascular disease and explains management principles, diagnostic procedures and therapy. Examples of medical cases have also been used to highlight complex issues to give a concrete understanding of the cardiac care in COVID-19 patients to the medical practitioner, whether they are involved in critical care or in outpatient clinics.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Preface

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Introduction: Cardiac Disease in the Pandemic Era: Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks?

INTRODUCTION

EMERGENT CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO THE MANAGEMENT OF VF

THE PANDEMICS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES

FINDINGS FROM DIFFERENT DATABASE STUDIES

ARE ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IMPORTANT FOR COVID-19?

MYOCARDIAL INJURY SEVERITY AND MORTALITY

How Much Myocardial Damage Occurs in COVID-19?

In Whom does Myocardial Damage Occur and How do we Identify it?

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS

GLOBAL VIEW OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI/NSTEMI) AFTER COVID-19

Diagnostic Strategies

TREATMENT STRATEGY: PCI OR FIBRINOLYSIS?

DID THE PANDEMIC PROCESS AFFECT HEART ATTACKS?

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

What should be done to Mitigate Pandemic Effects on CVD?

Myocardial Damage, Myocarditis, and COVID-19

MYOCARDIAL INJURY INFLICTED BY COVID-19

Mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 Induces Inflammation and Disease

MYOCARDITIS

Cardiotropic Viruses as the Causes

Fulminant Myocarditis (FM)

Diagnosis

USG/POCUS/ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

INITIAL MANAGEMENT

Treatment Strategies for Myocarditis

IV Immune Globulins (IVIG)

Hemodynamic Maneuvers

CONCLUSIONS

Coagulopathies, Prothrombotic State, Thromboembolism, Bleeding, and COVID-19

LABORATORY VARIABLES

TROPONIN AND BNP CAN PREDICT THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19

PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM (PTE) AND COVID-19

SHOULD WE HEPARINIZE THE PATIENTS WITH COVID-19?

Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)

ETIOLOGY.

PATHOGENESIS

Noncardiac Chest Pain

MEDICAL HISTORY

ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS

DIAGNOSIS (PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND LABORATORY EXAMINATION)

Emergency Conditions

Less Urgent Conditions

Benign (Non-emergency) Diseases

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Look

Inspection

Skin Color

Capillary Refill

Neck (jugular) Vein Distention (JVD)

Peripheral/Presacral Edema

Listen

Breathing Sounds

Heart Sounds

Carotid Artery Murmur

Abdominal Auscultation and Palpation

Feel

Pulse

Skin

Clubbing

ECG: Key Points

Treatment

High-flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFNOT)

Nitroglycerin

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Congestive Heart Failure

Signs and Symptoms

Approach to ACS in Pregnancy

A. Approach Steps to the Patient with Chest Pain in Nature/Outdoor Activities

B. Prehospital Approach To The Patient Suspected of ACS (911/112)

Pre-hospital Intervention Aims

Supplemental O2

Morphine Sulfate

Beta Blockers

Nitrous Oxide

Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Midazolam)

Lidocaine

Procainamide

Atropine Sulphate

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Adenosine

Verapamil

Diltiazem

How was the EMS Management of ACS Changed in The COVID-19 Era?

Thrombolytic Therapy in the Field

C. Approach to the Patient with ACS in the Hospital

STEMI

NSTEMI

Unstable Angina Pectoris (USAP)

Sudden Cardiac Death

Laboratory Markers of ACS

ECG

Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion

Exercise Test and Risk Assessment

Interpretation

False Positives

Cardiac Enzymes

Cardiac Troponins

ACS in The Elderly

Is Imaging Performed for AMI?

Coronary CT-angiography (CCTA)

Accuracy Rate

CCTA Advantages

General Management Principles

Low Risk Patients

Killip Classification

Treatment Goals in ACS Management.

Emergency Management of USAP

NSTEMI Treatment

Anti-ischemic Treatment in ACS

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT)

Prasugrel

Clopidogrel

Is Antiplatelet Therapy Effective on Respiratory Failure in COVID-19?

Ticagrelor

Anticoagulant Treatment

Heparin Dosage

If Primary PCI will be Performed

If Fibrinolytic Treatment will be Ordered

Other Antiischemic Therapy

Oxygen

Esmolol

Calcium Channel Blockers

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Dopamine

Ivabradine

Cardiogenic Shock

Medicines to be Used

Norepinephrine

Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema (APEd)

ETIOLOGY FRANK-STARLING LAW

Types and Clinical Presentation

Characteristics of patients with HF

Pathogenesis

Diastolic Dysfunction (DD)

HF Accompanying ACS

Diagnosis, Physical Examination and Findings

Increased Venous Pressure, i.e., Signs of Retrograde Circulatory Failure

RADIOLOGICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

Telecardiogram

Conventional Chest X-Ray (CXR)

Ultrasonography (USG)/POCUS

Bedside USG/POCUS: Modified LuCUS Protocol

CT

Gadolinium-enhanced Cardiac MRI

USG/Echocardiography

Pulse Oximeter

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)

Biochemistry

Complete Blood Count

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (Brain natriuretic Peptide, BNP) and N-Terminal ProBNP (NT-ProBNP)

Other Blood Tests

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

COPD Exacerbations

Right Ventricular AMI

Cardiac Tamponade

Pulmonary Embolism

Pneumonia

ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA (APED)

Left HF Findings

TREATMENT OF LEFT HF/APED

Follow-up

The First-line Treatment

Fluid Therapy

Ensuring Oxygenation.

Oxygenation with High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNCO)

Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV)

Coronary Revascularization

MONA-FB TREATMENT

M: Morphine Sulfate

O: (Oxygen)

N: Nitrates, Glycerol Trinitrate

A: Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

F: Furosemide

Update

B: Beta-blocker

ADDITIONAL TREATMENTS

ACE Inhibitors

Digoxin

Vasopressors

Dobutamine

Levosimendan

Milrinon

Istaroxim

Anxiolytic and Sedatives

Renal Replacement Therapy

TREATMENT IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Class I Recommendations

Class IIb Recommendations

Acute Pulmonary Embolism (APE)

CASE

DIAGNOSIS

"PRE-TEST PROBABILITY" (PTP) FOR APE

DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY

ECG Findings for APE

HOW TO RULE OUT APE?

Lab Biomarkers

D-DIMER

POCUS/Bedside USG/Echocardiography

Compression Ultrasonography (CUS)

Ruling out APE with USG

CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)

Vitamin K antagonists and the New Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC)

Surgical Embolectomy

Outpatient Treatment of Stable, Low-risk Patients with Verified APE

CLUES IN APE FLOWSHEET- SUMMARY

Hypertension and Aortic Diseases in The Pandemic Era

HYPERTENSION: BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASE OF THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF HT

Hypertensive Emergency

Hypertensive Urgency

How can One Discern HT Emergency and Urgency?

Findings Compatible with Hypertensive Emergencies

Hypertensive Urgent Situations

PHYSICAL EXAM AND EVALUATION OF THE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENT

Urgency

Severe Hypertension with Progressive End-organ Damage

CAUSALITY OF ACE2 RECEPTORS AND HT

IMPACT OF HYPERTENSION ON THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF COVID-19

Death Relationship with anti-HT Drugs

Management Principles.

Hypertensive Neurological Emergencies (HNE), Acute Ischemic Stroke, Seizures

Seizures

Aortic Diseases: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) and Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm (DAA)

RUPTURED AAA

DISSECTING AORTIC ANEURYSM (DAA)

NON-CRITICAL PRESENTATIONS WITH AORTIC SYNDROMES

Diagnosis and Imaging

Have COVID-19 affected admissions related to AAA/DAA?

POCUS Indirect Sign

Ultrasonography/POCUS

Findings on Non-contrast CT

Findings in Contrast-enhanced CT

Classification of DAA

Metoprolol

Labetalol

Treatment with Calcium Channel Blockers

Sodium Nitroprusside

Contraindications for Nitroprusside Infusion

ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGES OF ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR

Hospitalization and Discharge

Supraventricular Arrhythmias and Their Management in the Emergency Setting: PSVT and AF

SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIAS

Epidemiology

Symptomatology

Clinical Course And Findings

Evaluation And History

Laboratory

Imaging

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)

VALSALVA MANEUVER AND SIMPLIFIED MODIFIED VALSALVA (SMV)

How To Perform The Procedure

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Definition

Clinical Status

Differential Diagnosis

Clinical Distinction

Patients with Afl (Flutter)

Differential Diagnosis by ECG

Imaging and Laboratory

Current Management

Rhythm Control And Cardioversion (Conversion To Sinus Rhythm)

Synchronized/Simultaneous Cardioversion

Rate Control

Current Recommendation

Antithrombotic-Antiaggregant Treatment in Patients With AF

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

Agents Used in the Treatment of Arrhythmias and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support.

INTRODUCTION.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781681088204

1681088207

OCLC:

1273979216