Quantum Mechanics in the Single-Photon Laboratory (Second Edition) / Muhammad Sabieh Anwar [and three others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh, author.

Series:

IOP Series in Quantum Technology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Quantum theory.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (214 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing, [2024]

Summary:

A self-contained resource that keeps experimental demonstrations of quantum mechanics, quantum information and the nature of quantum reality centre-stage and weaves the necessary mathematics and underlying theory when and where it is needed.

Contents:

Intro

Acknowledgments

Author biographies

Dr Muhammad Sabieh Anwar

Faizan-e-Ilahi

Syed Bilal Hyder

Muhammad Hamza Waseem

List of abbreviations

List of quantum optics experiments

Chapter Introduction

References

Chapter Classical nature of light

2.1 Electromagnetic waves

2.2 Polarization

2.2.1 The polarization ellipse

2.2.2 Manipulating polarization

2.2.3 Jones calculus

2.2.4 Stokes parameters

2.3 Preparatory experimental explorations

2.4 C1: Investigating polarization of light through Jones calculus

2.5 C2: Fourier analysis and peanut plots

2.6 C3: Interference and erasure of which-way information

Chapter Quantum nature of light

3.1 Quantum mechanical states

3.2 Qubits

3.3 Transforming quantum states

3.4 Measuring quantum states

3.5 Composite systems and entangled states

3.6 Mixed states and the density matrix

3.7 Photon statistics

Chapter Experiments related to generating single photons

4.1 General components of the lab

4.1.1 Optical setup

4.1.2 Coincidence counting unit

4.1.3 Data collection and visualization

4.2 Q1: Spontaneous parametric downconversion

4.2.1 The downconversion crystal and phase-matching

4.2.2 Imaging downconverted photons

4.2.3 Optical alignment

4.2.4 The experiment

4.3 Q2: Testing the particle-like behavior of light

4.3.1 What is the quantum nature of light?

4.3.2 Classification based on photon statistics

4.3.3 Classification based on intensity (anti)correlations

4.3.4 Predicting the degree of second-order coherence

4.3.5 Preparing the experiment

4.3.6 Experimental results

4.3.7 Accidental coincidence counts

4.3.8 Time-dependent second-order coherence

Reference

Chapter The polarization of photons.

5.1 Q3: Estimating the polarization state of single photons

5.1.1 Generating polarization states

5.1.2 Measuring polarization states

5.1.3 The experiment

5.2 Q4: 'Visualizing' the polarization state of single photons

5.2.1 Antenna polarimetry and the polarization pattern method

5.2.2 Polarization pattern of single photons

5.2.3 The experiment

Chapter Entanglement and nonlocality

6.1 Entanglement and nonlocality: a survey

6.2 The proverbial Alice and Bob experiment

6.3 Generating polarization-entangled photons

6.3.1 Experimental setup

6.3.2 Measuring probabilities with four detectors

6.3.3 Generating Bell states

6.4 NL1: Freedman's test of locality

6.4.1 Freedman's inequality

6.4.2 The quantum prediction for Freedman's test

6.4.3 The experiment

6.5 NL2: CHSH test of locality

6.5.1 The CHSH inequality

6.5.2 Quantum mechanical prediction for the CHSH test

6.5.3 The experiment

6.6 NL3: Hardy's test of locality

6.6.1 The Hardy inequality

6.6.2 Quantum mechanical prediction for Hardy's test

6.6.3 Tuning the Hardy state

6.6.4 The experiment

6.7 Conclusion

Chapter Quantum interference and quantum erasure

7.1 Q5: Single-photon interference and quantum erasure

7.1.1 The polarization interferometer and quantum erasure

7.1.2 Aligning the interferometer

7.1.3 The experiment

7.2 Q+NL: Nonlocal quantum erasure

7.2.1 Erasure with nonlocality

7.2.2 Quantum mechanical prediction for nonlocal erasure

7.2.3 The experiment

Chapter Quantum state tomography

8.1 Qubits, Stokes parameters, and tomography

8.1.1 The Bloch sphere for pure states

8.1.2 The Bloch sphere for density matrices

8.1.3 Stokes parameters as state projections on the Bloch sphere

8.2 Single-qubit tomography

8.3 Two-qubit tomography.

8.4 Nonideal measurements and compensation of errors

8.5 Maximum-likelihood estimation

8.6 The experiment

Chapter Conclusion

Chapter

A.1 Introduction

A.2 Digital logic design

A.2.1 ASICs

A.2.2 Microprocessors

A.2.3 FPGAs

A.3 Building blocks of an FPGA

A.3.1 Logic blocks

A.3.2 Routing channels

A.3.3 I/O pads

A.4 Selecting a suitable FPGA

A.4.1 Options for input and output

A.4.2 Frequency

A.4.3 Cost

A.4.4 Manufacturer

A.4.5 Our experimental needs and choice of FPGA

A.5 Overview of the circuitry

A.5.1 Pulse detection

A.5.2 Data counting

A.5.3 Send data to PC

A.6 Writing code for FPGAs

A.7 Programming the FPGAs

A.7.1 Defining physical connections

A.7.2 Synthesizing and analyzing HDL

A.7.3 Generating the bit stream

A.7.4 Configuring the FPGA

A.8 Reading data on a computer

A.9 Evaluating the system

A.9.1 Communication rate

A.9.2 Voltage input range

A.9.3 Resolution

A.9.4 Coincidence window

A.9.5 Minimum and maximum counts

A.9.6 Fidelity of coincidences

A.9.7 Integral nonlinearity

A.9.8 Evaluation summary

Optical elements

Mechanical elements

Actuators and controllers

Detection and coincidence counting unit

Testing of FPGA

Q1: Spontaneous parametric downconversion

Q2: Proof of existence of photons

Q3: Estimating the polarization state of single photons

Q4: Visualizing the polarization state of single photons

NL1: Freedman's test of local realism

NL2: Hardy's test of local realism

NL3: CHSH test of local realism

Q5: Single-photon interference and quantum erasure

Q+NL: Nonlocal quantum erasure

QST: Quantum state tomography.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9780750363150

0750363150

OCLC:

1456753068