Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics. (Part 2) / edited by Faris Q. B. Alenzi.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Alenzi, Faris Q. B., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cancer--Molecular aspects.

Cancer.

Cancer cells--Growth.

Cancer cells.

Cell proliferation--Molecular aspects.

Cell proliferation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (363 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd., 2023.

Summary:

Today, treatment options for cancer patients typically include surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. While these therapies have saved lives and reduced pain and suffering, cancer still takes millions of lives every year around the world. Researchers are now developing advanced therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination nanotechnology for drug delivery. In addition, the identification of new biomarkers will potentiate early-stage diagnosis. Molecular Targets and Cancer presents information about cancer diagnosis and therapy in a simple way. It covers several aspects of the topic with updated information on par with medical board levels. The book features contributions from experts and includes an overview of cancer from basic biology and pathology, classifications, surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, types of cancer, treatment and prognosis. The second part of this book discusses specialized topics in clinical oncology which include the pathophysiology of various types of cancer, cancer screening, different types of cancer surgery, cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapy, nanotechnology for precision medicine applications in cancer and cancer surveillance. This comprehensive guide is a valuable resource for oncologists, researchers, and all medical professionals who work in cancer care and research.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Preface

Dedication

List of Contributors

Cancer Types

Amal F. Alshammary1,*,#, Mashael Al-Toub1,*,#, Maha F. Almutairi2, Mohammed Bakar3, Haifa F. Alshammary4, Arwa F.Q.B. Alanazi5, Amani F.Q.B. Alanazi6, Norah A. Alturki1, Haifa Alhawas7 and Asma Alanazi7

INTRODUCTION

Definition

Nomenclature

CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS

CLASSIFICATION

Carcinoma

Lung Cancer

Breast Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

Prostate Cancer

Types of Prostate Cancer

Acinar Adenocarcinoma

Prostatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Transitional Cell or Urethral Cancer

Squamous Cell Cancer

Small Cell Prostate Cancer

Neuroendocrine Tumors

Sarcoma

Pathophysiology

Approach to Diagnosis and Further Assessment

Colorectal Cancer

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Symptoms

Screening

Cervical Cancer

Epidemiology

Bone Tumor

Cartilage Tumor

Liposarcoma

Brain Tumor

Mixed-Origin Carcinoma-Sarcoma Tumors

Gastrointestinal Cancer

Melanoma

Skin Cancer

Lymphoid Malignancy

Germ Cell Tumors

Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

Blastoma

Neuroblastoma

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Diagnosis of Cancer

Fayez Alelyani1,*, Anas Abdulhamid Seday2, Mashael Al-Toub3 and Adnan Alwatban4

BIOPSY

ENDOSCOPY

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

The Use of Imaging Diagnoses

Imaging Tests are Used for Cancer in Many Ways

Perfections of Imaging Diagnosis

Imaging Scan Types

BLOOD TESTS (TUMOR MARKERS)

Tumor Markers (Cancer Biomarkers)

Circulating Tumor Markers

CTCs

CEA

PSA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

REFERENCES

Treatment of Cancer

Naif AlEnazi1,*, Ayisha Q. Alanazi2, Mohammed W. Al-Rabia3 and Fahad Albisi4

Types of Cancer Surgery

DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY

Open Biopsy

Advantages of Open Biopsy

Disadvantages of Open Biopsy

Incisional Biopsy

Punch Biopsy

Excisional Biopsy

Needle Biopsy

Fine-Needle Aspiration

Core Needle Biopsy

Laparoscopy

Laparotomy

Analysis of the Biopsy Results

STAGING SURGERY

Clinical Staging and Pathological Staging

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy

CURATIVE SURGERY

Types of Curative Surgery

Excisional Surgery

Laser Surgery

Cryosurgery

Electrosurgery

Mohs Micrographic Surgery

Preoperative or Post-Operative Chemotherapy and Radiation

Preoperative Chemotherapy and Radiation

Post-Operative Chemotherapy and Radiation

Preoperative Chemotherapy with Post-Operative Radiation Therapy

DEBULKING

Patient Suitability for Debulking

Debulking for Ovarian Cancer

Complications of Debulking

PALLIATIVE SURGERY

Bowel Surgery

Palliative Mastectomy

Suture Ligation

Insertion of a Feeding Tube

Prevent Broken Bones

PREVENTATIVE SURGERY

Mastectomy

Oophorectomy

Colectomy

Thyroidectomy

Removal of Precancerous Polyps

RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

Breast Reconstructive Surgery

Head and Neck Restorative Surgery

ACCESS SURGERY

PRACTICALITIES OF SURGERY

Before Surgery

Prepping for Surgery

After Surgery

Palliative Treatment

Soft Tissue Cancer of the Head and Neck (Except Salivary Glands and Thyroid Gland)

Skin

Malignant Melanoma (Including Skin, Ocular, or Mucosal Melanomas), as Described in Either A, B, or C

Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Lymphoma (Including Mycosis Fungoides but Excluding T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma)

Leukemia.

Multiple Myeloma (Confirmed by Appropriate Serum or Urine Protein Electrophoresis and Bone Marrow Findings)

Salivary Glands: Carcinoma or Sarcoma with Metastases Beyond the Regional Lymph Nodes

Thyroid Gland

Breast (Except Sarcoma)

Skeletal System (Sarcoma)

Maxilla, Orbit, or Temporal Fossa

Nervous System

Lungs

Pleura or Mediastinum

Esophagus or Stomach

Small Intestine: Carcinoma, Sarcoma, or Carcinoid

Large Intestine: (from Ileocecal Valve to and Including Anal Canal)

Liver or Gallbladder: Cancer of the Liver, Gallbladder, or Bile Ducts Pancreas

Kidneys, Adrenal Glands, or Ureters Carcinoma

Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

Cancers of the Female Genital Tract-Carcinoma or Sarcoma (Including Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma)

Prostate Gland: Carcinoma

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Immunotherapy and Cancer Stem Cells

Ravi Teja Chitturi Suryaprakash1, Mohammad Ayman Abdulkarim Safi2, Noufa Alonazi3, Ahdab A. Alsieedi4 and Omar Kujan1,*

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MABS)

Classification of Chemotherapeutic Monoclonal (CmMab) Antibodies

Mechanism of Action of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer

Constraint and Cost

TARGETED THERAPY USING SMALL MOLECULES

Small Molecules Blocking PD1 and PD-L1

Small Molecules Blocking IDO1

Small Molecules Targeting Tregs

Small Molecules Activating Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)

Small Molecules Activating cGAS/STING Pathway

Small Molecules Targeting Chemokine Receptors

Other Small Molecule Inhibitors

LIGAND TARGETED THERAPY

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)

NKG2D Signalling Pathway

B7 Family of Immune-Regulatory Ligands

Targeting CSC by CAR T-Cells

Targeting CSC by Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines

CANCER STEM CELL-TARGETED IMMUNOTHERAPY.

Targeting CSC by Oncolytic Viruses

Cancer Immunotherapy

NON-SPECIFIC TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY

Targeting Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Cytokine Based Therapy

Immune Checkpoint Blockage

SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY

Adoptive T Cell Transfer

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) Therapy

TCR Gene Therapy

CAR T-Cell Therapy

Vaccination

Coley's Vaccine (Toxin)

Fusion (Loading) of Human Dendritic Cell

General Information About Dendritic Cell

Method of Preparation

Gen Vaccines (DNA and RNA Vaccines)

Vaccines using Viral Vectors

Tumor-Associated Antigens Versus Tumor Neoantigens Vaccines

Nanotechnology and Precision Medicine

Noufa Alonazi1,*, Talat Abdullah Albukhari2 and Naif M. Alruwaili3

Unique Roles of Nanotechnology in Cancer

The Role of Nanotechnology in Cancer

Nanotechnology and Cancer

Passive Tumor Accumulation

Active Tumor Targeting

Transport Across Tissue Barriers

DELIVERING NANOMEDICINE TO SOLID TUMORS

BARRIERS TO NANOMEDICINE DELIVERY

POOR BLOOD PERFUSION

ELEVATED IFP

ECM DENSE

HIGH TUMOR STROMAL CELLS (TSC)

MODULATION OF THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT

Tumor Perfusion Enhancement

ENHANCEMENT OF NANOMEDICINE EXTRAVASATION

ENHANCEMENT OF INTERSTITIAL TRANSPORT OF NANOMEDICINES

ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY

PRINCIPLE OF ECT

APPLICATION OF ECT IN MEDICINE

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ECT

Advantages

Disadvantages

POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES

Cancer Surveillance

Amal F. Alshammary1,*, #, Mashael Al-Toub1,*, #, Talat Abdullah Albukhari2 and Waheed A. Filimban3

INTRODUCTION TO CANCER SURVEILLANCE.

NON-IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

Genetic Surveillance

Epigenetic Surveillance

Intracellular Surveillance

Intercellular Surveillance

IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

OVERVIEW OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

Historical Perspective

Evidence for and Against Immune Surveillance

Tumor Antigens

Classification

A New Approach to Immunosurveillance

MECHANISMS OF TUMOR IMMUNOEDITING

Elimination

Equilibrium

Escape

Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity During the Elimination

T Cells

Effect of Tregs on NKT Cells

Effect of γδ T Cells and NKT Cells

How Immunosurveillance Recognises Cancer

EVIDENCE OF IMMUNOEDITING IN ANIMAL MODELS

Overview of Mice Models

Spontaneous Tumor Development in Immunodeficient Mice

Carcinogen-Induced Tumors in Immunodeficient Mice

Components Implicated in Animal Immunoediting

EVIDENCE FOR CANCER IMMUNOEDITING IN HUMANS

Immunosuppressed Patients

Microsatellite Instability in Human Tumors

Human Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes

WHY DOES IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE FAIL?

HLA Class I Defects

T Cell Immune Dysfunction

Dendritic Cell System Malfunction

CANCER PREVENTION AND SCREENING

Cancer Prevention

Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention

Diet and Cancer Prevention

Cancer Screening

Balancing the Benefits and Screening Risks

Optimizing Screening Participation

Discrete Factors of Cancer Screening Involvement

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATIONS

Subject Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Alenzi, Faris Q. B. Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics (Part 2)

ISBN:

9789815124606

OCLC:

1379477976