Viral Diseases : History and New Developments in Diagnostics and Therapeutics.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Chandel, Arvind K. Singh.

Contributor:

Tanna, Bhakti.

Parmar, Amisha.

Patel, Gopal.

Thakur, Neeraj Singh.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Virus diseases.

Virology--Research.

Virology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (295 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2025.

Summary:

This book explores the evolution of viral infections, advances in diagnostics, and emerging therapeutic strategies, providing a comprehensive resource on disease detection, treatment, and prevention in the modern era.

Contents:

Intro

Editor biographies

Arvind K Singh Chandel

Bhakti Tanna

Amisha Parmar

Gopal Patel

Neeraj S Thakur

List of contributors

Chapter The effect of human interference on ecology and infectious diseases

1.1 Humans, ecology, and infectious disease

1.2 Human activities interfering with the ecosystem functioning

1.2.1 Human population dynamics

1.2.2 Deforestation/landscape modification

1.2.3 Agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture activities

1.2.4 Urbanization

1.2.5 Population mobility, tour, and travel

1.2.6 Global trade of goods, services, and wildlife

1.2.7 Other activities

1.3 Overall impact of human activities interfering with the ecology and infectious disease

1.3.1 Global climate change

1.3.2 Biodiversity loss

1.3.3 Pollution

1.3.4 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

1.4 Current initiatives to combat emerging infectious diseases

1.5 Conclusion

Abbreviations

References

Chapter History of viral disease

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Overview of viral diseases

2.1.2 The origin of viruses

2.1.3 Importance of studying the history of viral diseases and their mode of transmission

2.2 Early history of viral diseases

2.2.1 Evidence of viral diseases in ancient civilizations

2.2.2 Bubonic plague, smallpox, and influenza in the Middle Ages

2.2.3 Discovery of viruses and the beginning of modern virology

2.3 Modern history of viral diseases

2.3.1 Major pandemics of the 20th century, including the Spanish flu, polio, and HIV/AIDS

2.3.2 Emerging viral diseases of the 21st century, including SARS, H1N1 influenza, and COVID-19 [4]

2.4 Classification and characteristics of viruses

2.4.1 Overview of viral structure and replication

2.4.2 Types of viruses

2.4.3 Characteristics of specific viral families and their associated diseases.

2.5 Modes of transmission of viral diseases

2.6 Viral diseases and society

2.7 Conclusion

Chapter Contagiousness and threats of most prevalent viral diseases worldwide

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Current contagiousness viral decease

3.2.1 COVID-19

3.2.2 Influenza

3.2.3 HIV/AIDS

3.3 Summary

Acknowledgments

Chapter Drug development process: clinical trials and regulations

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Overview of drug development

4.1.2 Importance of regulatory and clinical trials

4.1.3 Regulatory oversight

4.2 The drug development process

4.2.1 Discovery and preclinical research

4.2.2 Drug discovery

4.2.3 Preclinical testing

4.2.4 Research on translation

4.3 Regulatory framework

4.3.1 International Regulatory Organisations

4.4 Regulatory submission

4.4.1 Investigational New Drug (IND) application

4.4.2 Clinical Trial Application (CTA)

4.4.3 New Drug Application (NDA) and Marketing Authorization Application (MAA)

4.5 Clinical investigations

4.5.1 Clinical trial phases

4.5.2 Clinical trial design

4.5.3 Ethical considerations

4.6 Challenges and innovations

4.6.1 Challenges in drug development

4.6.2 Innovations in drug development

4.7 Case studies

4.7.1 Successful drug development examples

4.7.2 Lessons learned from failures

4.8 Future directions

4.8.1 Emerging trends

4.8.2 Regulatory reforms

4.9 Conclusion

Chapter Molecular diagnostic techniques utilized in viral diseases

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Viral sampling, isolation, and purification of nucleic acids

5.1.2 Conclusion

Chapter Variant identification techniques targeting viral infections

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Evolving nature of viruses.

6.2.1 Variant calling

6.2.2 Variant annotation

6.3 Validation by Sanger's (metagenomics) or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR-RFLP

6.4 Concluding remarks and outlook

Chapter Next generation sequencing: disease detection, research, and treatment

7.1 Introduction to NGS platforms

7.2 Different platforms for sequencing and their principle and limitations

7.2.1 Illumina

7.2.2 Ion Torrent

7.2.3 PacBio

7.2.4 Nanopore

7.3 Novel virus discovery and the identification of unknown viral pathogens

7.3.1 Conventional techniques for identifying viral infections

7.3.2 High throughput sequencing (HTS) for studying viral pathogens

7.3.3 Novel viruses discovered via NGS

7.4 Viral genome sequencing

7.4.1 Human virome characterization

7.4.2 Detection of tumor viruses

7.4.3 Entire length sequencing of viral genomes

7.4.4 Exploration of variability in the viral genome and identification of viral quasispecies

7.5 Monitoring antiviral drug resistance

7.6 Viral evolution and epidemiology of infections

7.7 Concluding remarks

Chapter Nanotechnology in diagnostics

8.1 Introduction to nanotechnology and diagnosis

8.2 Infection diagnosis

8.3 Gold and silver nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics

8.4 Biomarkers

8.5 Nanodiagnostics for nucleic acid

8.6 Homogeneous colorimetric assays

8.6.1 Unmodified nanoparticle

8.6.2 Cross-linking

8.6.3 Non-cross-linking

8.7 Heterogeneous detection

8.7.1 Microarrays

8.7.2 Lateral flow assay

8.7.3 Electrochemical assay

8.7.4 Fluorescence assay

8.7.5 Raman and SERS

8.7.6 Others

8.8 iPCR and other methods

8.9 Nanotechnology in cancer diagnostics

8.9.1 Detection of circulating tumor cells.

8.9.2 Detection using recognition of cell surface proteins

8.10 Nanotechnology for in vivo imaging

8.10.1 Passive targeting

8.10.2 Active targeting

8.11 Clinical trials status of nanotechnology-based diagnostics

Chapter Antiviral agents: mechanisms of action and therapeutic insights

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Importance of antiviral drugs

9.3 Viral lifecycle and targets for antiviral drugs

9.3.1 Viral lifecycle

9.3.2 Targets for antiviral drugs

9.4 Classification of antiviral drugs

9.4.1 Broad spectrum antivirals

9.5 Specific antiviral

9.5.1 Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

9.5.2 Acyclovir

9.5.3 Valacyclovir

9.5.4 Ganciclovir

9.5.5 Penciclovir

9.5.6 Sofosbuvir

9.5.7 Lopinavir/ritonavir

9.6 Mode of action of antiviral drugs

9.6.1 Inhibition of viral entry

9.6.2 Inhibition of viral replication and transcription

9.6.3 Disruption of viral protein synthesis

9.6.4 Inhibition of viral assembly and release

9.6.5 Stimulation of the immune response

9.6.6 RNA interference (RNAi) as a therapeutic approach

9.7 Resistance mechanisms

9.7.1 Emergence of antiviral resistance

9.7.2 Mechanisms of resistance development

9.8 Strategies to mitigate resistance:

9.9 Clinical applications

9.9.1 Common antiviral drugs and their clinical use

9.10 Challenges and limitations in clinical practice

9.11 Future directions

9.12 Conclusion

Chapter Ethnopharmacological approaches for COVID-19 therapy

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Use of molecular docking in unravelling potential of medicinal plants for the interventions of COVID-19

10.3 Natural products from medicinal plants and their mechanisms for COVID-19 intervention

10.3.1 Gymnanthemum amygdalinum

10.3.2 Azadirachta indica (neem)

10.3.3 Nigella sativa (black cumin).

10.3.4 Allium sativum and Allium cepa

10.3.5 Glycyrrhiza glabra

10.4 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of COVID-19

10.5 Pre-clinical and clinical trials

10.6 Conclusion

Chapter Plasma therapy

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 Efficacy of plasma therapy in diseases

11.1.2 Procedure

11.1.3 Strategy for COVID-19

11.1.4 Mechanism of convalescent plasma therapy against SARS-COV-2

11.1.5 Accomplishments using therapy

11.1.6 Ongoing clinical trials

11.1.7 Concluding remarks: old or new therapies?

Chapter RNAi in viral control and diagnostics

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Mechanism of RNAi

12.2.1 Overview of the RNAi pathway

12.2.2 Key molecules involved: siRNA and miRNA

12.3 RNAi applications in viral disease

12.3.1 Inhibition of viral replication

12.3.2 Specific examples of successful RNAi applications against viral diseases

12.4 RNAi in diagnostics

12.4.1 Detection of viral RNA using RNAi-based assays

12.4.2 Advantages of RNAi in diagnostic approaches

12.4.3 Comparison with traditional diagnostic methods

12.4.4 Addressing challenges of rapidly evolving viruses

12.4.5 Customization of RNAi for novel viral strains

12.4.6 Prospects and potential breakthroughs

12.5 Challenges and limitations

12.5.1 Off-target effects and unintended consequences

12.5.2 Delivery challenges for RNAi-based therapeutics

12.6 Future prospective of viral disease treatment and cure

12.7 Conclusion

Chapter MicroRNA (miRNA) therapeutic modalities

13.1 miRNA biology

13.2 Host miRNA-virus interactions

13.2.1 Cellular miRNAs directly regulate viral genes

13.2.2 Indirect effects of cellular miRNAs on viruses

13.2.3 miRNAs and viral genome: potential interactions.

13.2.4 Influence of viral miRNAs.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

0-7503-4987-5

OCLC:

1517813988