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Prescribing medicines for children : from drug development to practical administration / edited by Charlotte Barker, Mark Turner, Mike Sharland.
- Format:
- Book
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Pediatric pharmacology.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (731 pages)
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- London, England : Pharmaceutical Press, [2019]
- Summary:
- Prescribing for children is a particularly challenging discipline due to specific issues of drug absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. The aim of this book is to improve understanding in all aspects of paediatric prescribing, from the development of suitable drugs through to their practical administration.
- Contents:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Foreword
- Prescribing Medicines for Children: Preface
- Editors
- Contributors
- Editorial board members
- PART I
- 1 General principles of paediatric clinical pharmacology
- Maturational pharmacology: children are not small adults
- Specific characteristics of pharmacotherapy and drug evaluation in children
- 2 Pharmacokinetics: an overview
- Description of a pharmacokinetic curve
- Analysis of classical (rich) pharmacokinetic data
- Population pharmacokinetic analysis
- Advantages and limitations of the two approaches
- 3 Drug absorption
- Formulations and absorption: background
- Oral
- Non-oral
- Improving knowledge on absorption in children
- 4 Drug distribution: from birth to adolescence
- Maturational changes throughout childhood
- Disease related differences
- 5 Drug metabolism
- Drug metabolism: an overview
- How this knowledge can be used to improve pharmacotherapy
- 6 Drug elimination
- Maturational changes in renal elimination capacity
- How to assess the renal elimination capacity
- How does this relate to renal drug clearance?
- 7 Pharmacodynamics: practical examples
- Practical examples of developmental PD
- Biomarkers to address the PD gap in children
- 8 Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics
- Pharmacogenetic and epigenetic mechanisms
- Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in children
- Key examples in children
- 9 Modelling and simulation: pharmacometrics
- PK-PD M&
- S in children
- Development of PK-PD model
- M&
- S applications in personalised therapy
- 10 Adverse drug reactions
- ADRs and adverse drug events
- Burden of adverse drug reactions in children
- Risk factors for adverse drug reactions
- Classification of adverse drug reactions.
- Clinical approach to suspected adverse drug events
- 11 Drug interactions
- Drug disposition in children
- Types of drug interactions
- Mechanisms of drug interactions
- Consequences of drug interactions
- A clinical approach to drug interactions in children
- 12 Pregnancy and lactation
- Perinatal pharmacokinetics
- Maternal-Fetal pharmacotherapy
- Initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding
- Pharmacotherapy during breastfeeding
- Sources of information
- 13 Paediatric clinical pharmacology
- Definition of paediatric clinical pharmacology
- Scope of practice in the field of paediatric clinical pharmacology
- Training in paediatric clinical pharmacology
- Examples of current training programmes
- 14 Education: training programmes and competencies
- Quality criteria for the fellowship programme
- Developing the fellowship programme
- Overview of the fellowship curriculum
- 15 The paediatric drug discovery pipeline
- Paediatric drug development pipelines of different therapeutic areas
- Means of improvement: drug repurposing
- 16 Understanding phase I clinical trials
- Study design
- Clinical trials in paediatrics: formulation considerations
- Blood tests in paediatric trials
- Consent
- Phase I accredited centres
- 17 Early phase clinical trials: adaptive designs
- Adaptive designs for phase I/II dose-finding trials
- Adaptive designs dedicated to neonates
- 18 Phase IV studies and pharmacovigilance
- Clinical trials
- Prospective cohort studies
- National pharmacovigilance
- Evaluating and classifying ADRs
- Age and drug toxicity
- Pharmaceutical industry and academic trials
- 19 Non-interventional studies
- Defining non-interventional studies
- Participating in non-interventional studies
- Using non-interventional study results to inform prescribing practices
- 20 Pharmacoepidemiology.
- What is pharmacoepidemiology?
- Why is pharmacoepidemiology needed?
- Methodological aspects of pharmacoepidemiology
- Databases for pharmacoepidemiological research
- Pharmacoepidemiological research in children
- 21 Innovative strategies in paediatric drug development
- Prevention of the potential harms of clinical research in children
- Recruitment of paediatric patients
- Use of child-appropriate assessment tools
- Deciding which medicines to develop for children
- What industry brings to the conduct of clinical trials in children
- Alternative ways to collect evidence on medicines for children
- Evidence collection after licensure
- How clinicians and pharmaceutical companies can work together
- 23 Paediatric drug formulations
- Oral formulations
- Excipients
- Relevant legislation
- 24 Extemporaneous preparations ofmedicines for children
- The scope of adaptations to medicines
- Unlicensed/off-label use and formulation options
- Issues and risks related to extemporaneous preparations
- Stability of extemporaneous preparations
- Outlook
- 25 Excipients in medicines for children
- Benefits of excipients
- Children versus adults
- The safety of excipients in children
- Selection of excipients
- Extent of exposure to excipients
- Avoiding toxic excipients
- Qualitative versus quantitative data
- Where does involvement happen and how does it benefit research?
- Are you asking the right research question?
- Are you measuring the right outcomes?
- Do your research tools and instruments make sense?
- How participant friendly is your study?
- How best can you inform people about your research?
- How can you get people talking about research?
- How best can you disseminate your research findings?
- 27 The ethics ofmedicines research in children
- Inclusion criteria based on the principle of beneficence.
- The respect of autonomy in the informed consent procedures
- Confidentiality issues
- Other specific ethical requirements
- 28 Evidence-based prescribing
- What is OL or UL prescribing?
- Is using OL/UL drugs a problem?
- Paediatric regulation
- Formularies and prescribing
- Rational prescribing
- Evidence-based practice
- 29 Improving training in prescribing
- Creating learning opportunities
- Current training initiatives
- Assessing effectiveness of training
- Developing a safe prescribing environment
- 30 Electronic prescribing
- Does e-prescribing eliminate medication errors?
- Clinical decision support
- Challenges of e-prescribing in a mixed setting
- Dose rounding
- 31 Avoidingmedication errors
- Types of medication errors
- Causes of medication errors in children
- Avoiding medication errors
- 32 Intravenous medicines administration
- Practicalities of administration
- Adverse effects
- Excipients in IV preparations
- IV drug errors
- 33 Team working in medicines administration
- Team working
- Roles and responsibilities of team members
- Example scenarios
- 34 Evidence-based formularies
- Principles of development
- Role of evidence-based formularies
- Key evidence-based formularies available for children
- 35 Therapeutic drug monitoring
- Why do predicted and measured drug concentrations differ?
- 36 Medicines for children in low tomiddle income countries
- Challenges
- Opportunities
- Proposals for improvement
- 37 Optimal prescribing in the resource-poor setting
- Access to medicines and prescribing information
- Standard treatment guidelines
- Medicines formularies
- Selection and availability of medicines
- Manipulation and compounding of medicines for children
- Clarity of prescribing and instructions
- PART II
- 38 Gastrointestinal system.
- Dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility
- Antisecretory drugs and mucosal protection
- Acute diarrhoea
- Chronic bowel disorders
- Constipation and laxatives
- Drugs affecting intestinal secretions
- 39 Cardiovascular system
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmias
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Kawasaki disease
- General considerations
- 40 Respiratory system
- Short acting ß2-adrenergic agonists (SABAs) - salbutamol/terbutaline
- Long acting ß2-agonists (LABAs) - formoterol and salmeterol
- Corticosteroids: inhaled and systemic
- Combination therapy
- Other treatments for asthma and wheezing
- Respiratory medicines used in cystic fibrosis (CF)
- Inhalers and nebulisers
- 41 Antiepileptic drug therapy
- Principles of AED therapy
- AEDs
- Drugs used in status epilepticus
- 42 Prescribing in infection: antibacterials
- Antibiotic prescribing: general principles
- Antibiotics
- 43 Prescribing in infection: antifungals and antivirals
- Antifungal drugs
- Antiviral drugs
- 44 Endocrinology
- Thyroid hormones
- Antithyroid drugs
- Synthetic vasopressin analogues
- Recombinant human growth hormone
- Hydrocortisone replacement
- 45 Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes mellitus: overview
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus: overview
- SC insulin administration
- Blood glucose measurements
- Emergency presentations
- T2DM
- Monogenic diabetes
- 46 Adolescent medicine
- Compliance/adherence to pharmacological treatment
- Transition to adult services/care
- Participation of adolescents in clinical trials
- Contraception in adolescence
- 47 Nephrology
- Prescribing considerations in impaired kidney function
- AKI and nephrotoxic medication
- 48 Prescribing blood and blood components
- Documentation
- Special requirements
- Blood components for exchange transfusion.
- 49 Oncology: cytotoxic drugs.
- Notes:
- Includes index.
- Description based on print version record.
- Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
- ISBN:
- 0-85711-334-8
- OCLC:
- 1113931089
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