Wood modification technologies : principles, sustainability, and the need for innovation / Dick Sandberg.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sandberg, Dick, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Engineered wood.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (442 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2021]

Summary:

"The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to an increased environmental concern and the need for reduced maintenance. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the whole life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. Wood modification is implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, and widen the range of timber applications, and to acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without calling the environmental friendliness into question. The wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome in scaling up to industrial applications differ among them"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Preface

Table of Contents

1. Wood and Wood Modification

1.1 Wood modification

What is wood modification?

Wood modification processes

1.2 Wood as a substrate for modification

The tree

The macrostructure of wood

The microstructure of wood

Wood cell-wall structure and ultrastructure

1.3 The chemical composition of wood

Brief introduction to covalent bonds

Chemical reactions of organic compounds

The chemistry of wood modification

1.4 The wood-water relationship

Determining moisture in wood

Wood modification and moisture

1.5 Wood biodegradation

Wood as a substrate for microorganisms

Biological degradation of wood by fungi

Biological degradation of wood by invertebrate organisms

Termites

1.6 Weathering of wood

Factors contributing to weathering

1.7 Stress-strain response of wood: Considerations in wood modification

Elastic behaviour of wood

Viscoelastic behaviour of wood

Mechano-sorption

Stress-strain relationship under longitudinal deformation

Stress-strain relationship under transverse compression

1.8 Conclusions on wood and wood modification

References

2. Chemical Modification Processes

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Acetylation

Material selection and preparation

The modification process

The modified product

Industrial use and application

2.3 The CompregTM process

2.4 Impreg

Comparison between ImpregTM and CompregTM

2.5 Furfurylated wood

The modified product.

Industrial use and application

2.6 DMDHEU

Modification process

2.7 Silicates and silanes

2.8 Chitosan

2.9 InduriteTM and LigniaTM

The modifying process

Product properties

2.10 Oil and wax

Industrial use and applications

2.11 Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

2.12 Summary and outlook

3. Thermally-based Modification Processes

3.1 Introduction

Thermal degradation of wood

3.2 Charring of wood surfaces

Industrial charring processes

Properties of charred wood

Applications for charred wood

3.3 Water as a modification agent for wood

Chemistry of TBM treatment

3.4 Thermal modification processes

Industrial thermal modification processes

Properties of thermally modified wood

Applications of thermally-modified timber

3.5 Wood ageing

Industrial wood ageing processes

Properties of aged wood

Applications of aged wood

3.6 Self-bonding of veneer

Industrial self-bonding processes

Properties of self-bonded veneer

Applications for self-bonded veneer

3.7 Frictional wood welding.

Material selection and preparation

Industrial wood-welding processes

Properties of the frictional welded bond-line

Applications of welded wood

3.8 Wood densification

Permanent fixation of compressive deformation

Industrial densification processes

Properties of densified wood

Applications of densified wood

3.9 Moulded tubes

Industrial processes for shaped wood

Applications of moulded tubes

3.10 Summary and outlook

4. The Use of Microwaves, Plasma and Laser Light for Wood Modification

4.1 Introduction

Electromagnetic radiation

Plasma

Laser light

4.2 Wood modification with microwaves

Wood modification with microwaves: processes, properties, applications

4.3 Wood modification with plasma

Corona and plasma treatments: processes properties, applications

4.4 Wood modification with laser light

Laser modification: processes, properties, applications

4.5 Conclusions on microwaves, plasma and laser-light modification

5. Other Modification Processes

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Biological treatment of wood

Metabolites from wood-destroying organisms to protect wood

Fungal incising

Enzymatic treatment of wood

Bacterial incising

Treatment with natural extracts

Conclusions regarding biological treatment

5.3 Biomimetics

What is biomimetics?

Biomimetics in architecture

Biomimetics for wood treatment

Biomimetics and water repellency

Biomimetics and self-cleaning

Other potential biomimetic wood modifications

5.4 Mineralisation of wood

Mineralisation with silica compounds

Mineralisation with nanomaterials

Mineralisation with carbonates

5.5 Supercritical fluid treatments.

Supercritical fluid extraction and liquefaction processes for wood

Use of supercritical fluids in wood preservation

Other uses of supercritical fluids

Overview of supercritical fluids

5.6 Ionic liquids in wood modification

What is an ionic liquid?

Ionic liquids and wood components

Ionic liquids as wood preservatives

Chemical modification of wood with ionic liquids

Conclusions regarding ionic liquids

5.7 Opportunities for future wood modification

Grafting of components to enable polymerisation

Click chemistry

Rhodium-catalysed reactions of hydroxyl groups

Modification of chitosan

5.8 Conclusions on other methods

6. Modified Wood Beyond Sustainability

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Environmental impact of wood modification processes

6.3 Modified wood in a circular economy

6.4 The use of modified wood in a healthy living environment

Environmental assessment of buildings

Modified wood as an element of restorative environmental design

Volatile organic emissions

6.5 Industry 4.0 in wood supply chain

6.6 Conclusions

Appendix

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-351-02822-7

1-351-02821-9

9781351028226

OCLC:

1246582934