Collision reconstruction methodologies. Volume 10A, Pedestrian collisions / Christopher D. Armstrong.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Armstrong, Christopher D., author.

Contributor:

Society of Automotive Engineers, publisher.

Series:

Society of Automotive Engineers. Electronic publications.

Society of Automotive Engineers. Electronic publications

Collision Reconstruction Methodologies

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pedestrian accidents.

Traffic accident investigation--Methodology.

Traffic accident investigation.

Traffic accidents--Research.

Traffic accidents.

Automobiles--Collision damage.

Automobiles.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1 PDF (178 pages)).

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volume 10A

Place of Publication:

Warrendale, Pa. (400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale PA USA) : Society of Automotive Engineers, 2018.

Summary:

The last ten years have seen explosive growth in the technology available to the collision analyst, changing the way reconstruction is practiced in fundamental ways. The greatest technological advances for the crash reconstruction community have come in the realms of photogrammetry and digital media analysis. The widespread use of scanning technology has facilitated the implementation of powerful new tools to digitize forensic data, create 3D models and visualize and analyze crash vehicles and environments. The introduction of unmanned aerial systems and standardization of crash data recorders to the crash reconstruction community have enhanced the ability of a crash analyst to visualize and model the components of a crash reconstruction. Because of the technological changes occurring in the industry, many SAE papers have been written to address the validation and use of new tools for collision reconstruction. Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volumes 1-12 bring together seminal SAE technical papers surrounding advancements in the crash reconstruction field. Topics featured in the series include: Night Vision Study and Photogrammetry; Vehicle Event Data Recorders; Motorcycle, Heavy Vehicle, Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction. The goal is to provide the latest technologies and methodologies being introduced into collision reconstruction - appealing to crash analysts, consultants and safety engineers alike.

Contents:

Cover

Table of Contents

Introduction

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 1 Investigation and Analysis of Real-Life Pedestrian Collisions

Methods

Background

Video Capture

Calibration

Data Analysis

Results

Wrap Trajectories

Forward Projection Trajectories

Fender Vault Trajectories

Discussion

Conclusion

References

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 2 Different Factors Influencing Post-Crash Pedestrian Kinematics

NASS-PCDS Analysis

Principal Component Analysis

Characteristics of Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Fe Analysis of Human Model

Adult Male

6-Year-Old Child

Ground-To-Head-Contact Distance

Head Injury

Standing Posture

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 3 Pedestrian Behavior at Signal-Controlled Crosswalks

Experimental Methodology

Experimental Setup

Data Acquisition

Perception/Reaction

Pedestrian Speeds

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 4 Throw Model for Frontal Pedestrian Collisions

Pedestrian Impact Model

Throw Distance Model

Modeling of xL

Vehicle Motion

Throw Distance Index

Reconstruction Throw Model

Experimental Data

Pedestrian Drag Factors

Experimental Values of Hill

Correction for Impact

Dummy Clothing Dependence

Experimental Throw Data

Preliminary Analysis of Experimental Data

Comparison of Model With Data

Reconstructed Wrap Collisions

Adult Dummy Wrap Collisions

Forward Projection Collisions

Roof Vault and Somersault Collisions

Fitting of the Reconstruction Model

Discussion and Conclusions

Acknowledgment

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 5 Pedestrian Throw Kinematics in Forward Projection Collisions

Methodology

Pedestrian Dummy

Test Vehicles.

Data Acquisition and Post Processing

Test Procedure

Forward Projection Trajectory: Dry Surface

Forward Projection Trajectory: Wet Surface

Forward Projection Throw Distance

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 6 Use of Throw Distances of Pedestrians and Bicyclists as Part of a Scientific Accident Reconstruction Method

Basis of Speed Calculation

New Results Based on Real Accidents

Kinematics of Impact

Relation between Throw Distances and Impact Speed

Injury Relation to Impact Speed and Throw Distance

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 7 Influence of Vehicle Body Type on Pedestrian Injury Distribution

Data Source

Inclusion and Exclusion

Injury Risk by Body Region and Vehicle Source

Injury by Body Region

Injury by Vehicle Component

LTVs

Cars

Injury Distribution by Body Region

Injury Distribution by Vehicle Source

Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 8 Vehicle Lighting to Enhance Pedestrian Visibility

Pedestrian Vulnerability

Detection Distance Requirements

Avoidance-Timing

Perception/Reaction Time Delay

The Temporal Bonus

Time Needed to Walk Clear of Vehicle Path

Estimating the Temporal Bonus

Driver-Reaction-Distance

Detection Distance Necessary to Avoid

Where is The Pedestrian?

Pedestrian Lateral Location

Pedestrian Vertical Location

How Much Illumination?

Discussion - Part I - The Good News

Discussion - Part II - Some Alternatives

Appendix A Pedestrian Location with Respect to Headlamps

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 9 Uncertainty Analysis of the Preimpact Phase of a Pedestrian Collision

Introduction.

Sensitivity to Uncertainty

Maximum Uncertainty and Mean Square Uncertainty

Monte Carlo Simulation

Example and Discussion

Accident Scenario

Data

Accident Reconstruction. Time-Distance Analysis

Graphical Method

Criterion of Driver's Reaction Time Delay Evaluation

Analytical Method and Uncertainty Ranges

Comparison of Results

VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 10 Pedestrian Dummy Pelvis Impact Responses

Materials and Method

Data for Biofidelity Evaluation of Dummy Pelvis Response

Lateral Loading Test to Isolated Pelvis by Salzar et al.

Response Corridor for Dummy Pelvis

Response Corridors Based on the Results from Salzar et al.

Estimation of rev.1 Dummy Pelvis

rev.1 Dummy Pelvis Development

Validation of rev.1 Dummy Pelvis

Biofidelity Evaluation of the rev.1 Dummy Pelvis Against Salzar et al.

Estimation of rev.2 Dummy Pelvis

rev.2 Dummy Pelvis Development

Design of the rev.2 Dummy Pelvis

rev.2 Pelvis Preliminary Lateral Loading Test

Biofidelity Evaluation of the rev.2 Dummy Pelvis Against Preliminary Test

Biofidelity Evaluation of the rev.2 Dummy Pelvis Against Salzar et al.

Appendix A

Dummy Pelvis FE Model Development

Material Parameter Identification for Ilium (POM)

POM Material Model Validation

Material Parameter Identification for Pubic Symphysis (Rubber)

Rubber Material Model Validation

Quasi-static Lateral Compression Test for Isolated rev.1 Dummy Pelvis

Validation of rev.1 Dummy Pelvis FE Model

About the Author.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780768092394

0768092396

9780768095302

0768095301

OCLC:

1130669658