Achieving sustainable cultivation of cocoa / edited by Pathmanathan Umaharan.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Umaharan, Pathmanathan, editor.

Series:

Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science ; Number 43.

Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science ; Number 43

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cacao.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (589 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, UK : Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2018.

Summary:

Strong focus on conserving and exploiting genetic resources for breeding improved varietiesDetailed review of specific diseases such as witches broom as well as insect pests and nematodesCovers key aspects of sustainability such as agro-forestry, organic cultivation and measures to support smallholders

Contents:

Intro

Achieving sustainable cultivation of cocoa

Contents

Series list

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part 1 Genetic resources and breeding

Chapter 1 Taxonomy and classification of cacao

1 Introduction

2 Taxonomy and classification

3 The three groups of cocoa varieties

4 Conclusions

5 Where to look for further information

6 References

Chapter 2 Conserving and exploiting cocoa genetic resources: the key challenges

2 How challenges are being addressed: an overview

3 Addressing challenges: securing existing ex situ cacao genetic resources

4 Addressing challenges: developing a global strategic cacao collection

5 Addressing challenges: collecting and gap filling in ex situ collections to reflect genetic diversity

6 Addressing challenges: ensuring the in situ and on-farm conservation of important diversity

7 Addressing challenges: strengthening the distribution and safe movement of germplasm

8 Addressing challenges: strengthening the use of cacao genetic resources

9 Addressing challenges: improving documentation and sharing of information

10 Strengthening networking and partnerships for global collaboration

11 Research to strengthen the conservation and use of cacao genetic diversity

12 Acknowledgements

13 Where to look for further information

14 References

Chapter 3 The role of gene banks in preserving the genetic diversity of cacao

2 History of cacao collections

3 Gene bank concepts

4 Crux of conservation

5 Gene pool coverage

6 Techniques for conserving cacao germplasm

7 In situ and ex situ gene banks

8 Status of cacao field gene banks

9 Assessing genetic diversity

10 Curating field gene banks

11 Genetic diversity in cacao collections

12 Core and minicore

13 Future trends and conclusion.

14 Where to look for further information

15 Acknowledgements

16 References

Chapter 4 Safe handling and movement of cocoa germplasm for breeding

2 Overview of risks associated with plant movement

3 Levels of risk

4 Risk management governance and procedures

5 Case study: International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

6 Concluding remarks

7 Where to look for further information

8 References

Chapter 5 Developments in cacao breeding programmes in Africa and the Americas

2 Types of commercial cacao cultivars

3 Breeding objectives

4 Heterosis and heterotic groups in cacao

5 'Traditional' and new cacao breeding methods

6 Cacao breeding programmes and outputs

7 Selection of cacao for organoleptic quality

8 Future trends and conclusion

9 References

Part 2 Cultivation techniques

Chapter 6 Cocoa plant propagation techniques to supply farmers with improved planting materials

2 Propagation by seeds

3 Conventional vegetative propagation

4 Cross-cutting issues

5 Phytosanitary considerations

6 Predicting demand for planting materials

7 Considerations on estimating costs

9 Acknowledgements

10 References

Chapter 7 The potential of somatic embryogenesis for commercial-scale propagation of elite cacao varieties

2 The somatic embryogenesis method for cacao

3 Field evaluation of somatic embryo trees

4 Applying cacao somatic embryogenesis for long-term storage of germplasm

5 Using somatic embryo plants for propagation by orthotropic rooted cuttings

6 Field evaluation of orthotropic rooted cuttings

7 Integrated system for vegetative propagation of cacao

8 Technology transfer

9 Advantages and constraints of tissue culture.

10 Future trends and conclusion

11 Acknowledgements

12 References

Chapter 8 Good agronomic practices in cocoa cultivation: rehabilitating cocoa farms

2 Good pre-planting practices in cocoa cultivation

3 Good post-planting practices in cocoa cultivation

4 Cocoa farm rehabilitation

5 Methods for cocoa farm rehabilitation

6 Case study: farmers' preferred rehabilitation methods in Ghana

7 Conclusion and future trends

8 Where to look for further information

Chapter 9 Improving soil and nutrient management for cacao cultivation

2 Case study: the need for one formula per plot

3 Case study: homogeneity in diversity

4 Soil diagnosis in practice

5 Future trends and conclusion

6 Where to look for further information

7 References

Part 3 Diseases and pests

Chapter 10 Cocoa diseases: witches' broom

2 Geographical distribution and historical perspective

3 Pathogen taxonomy, biology and disease cycle

4 Diversity, host range and symptomatology

5 Omics of M. perniciosa

6 Fungal pathogenicity and disease physiology

7 Plant development and disease epidemiology

8 Disease control: phytosanitation, and chemical and biological control

9 Disease control: genetic resistance and integrated management

10 Concluding remarks and outlook

11 Where to look for further information

13 References

Chapter 11 Frosty pod rot, caused by Moniliophthora roreri

1 Introduction: the pathogen

2 Spread, invasion risk and impact of Moniliophthora roreri

3 Management options: management cascade for invasive alien species

4 Management options: impact mitigation

5 Conclusions

Chapter 12 Cacao diseases: vascular-streak dieback.

1 Introduction

2 VSD symptoms and pathogen biology

3 VSD epidemiology

4 VSD management

5 Case study: the importance of field studies

6 Conclusion

7 Future trends

Chapter 13 Insect pests affecting cacao

2 Cacao pests in the Americas and the Caribbean

3 Cacao pests in West Africa

4 Cacao pests in Asia

5 Advances in control of cacao pests: breeding for pest resistance

6 Advances in control of cacao pests: agro-ecological control of pests in cacao-based agroforestry systems

7 Conclusion

8 Future trends

9 Where to look for further information

Chapter 14 Nematode pests of cocoa

2 Hidden nature of plant-parasitic nematodes

3 Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cacao

4 Disease complexes

5 Management of plant-parasitic nematodes of cacao

6 Future trends and conclusion

Chapter 15 Advances in pest- and disease-resistant cocoa varieties

2 History of diseases and pests of cocoa

3 Assessment of resistance

4 Breeding for Phytophthora disease resistance

5 Conclusion

Part 4 Safety and sensory quality

Chapter 16 Improving best practice with regard to pesticide use in cocoa

2 Pesticide use in cocoa-producing countries

3 Improving pesticide regulation

4 Developing best practice for pesticide use

5 Case studies: establishing baselines, raising awareness and promoting best practice

Chapter 17 Mycotoxins in cocoa: causes, detection and control

2 Mycotoxins contaminating cocoa

3 Detection of mycotoxins in cocoa.

4 Controlling mycotoxins in cocoa production

Chapter 18 Analysing sensory and processing quality of cocoa

2 The evolution of sensory evaluation as a science

3 Cocoa quality and the link to flavour

4 Analysing sensory and processing quality of cocoa

5 Flavour assessment of cocoa

Part 5 Sustainability

Chapter 19 Climate change and cocoa cultivation

2 Case study on global climate projections at cocoa- producing regions: overview, methods and data

3 Case study on global climate projections at cocoa- producing regions: results and discussion

4 Case study on regionally differentiated climate change impacts in Ivory Coast: overview and methodology

5 Case study on regionally differentiated climate change impacts in Ivory Coast: results and discussion

6 Conclusions

7 Acknowledgements

Chapter 20 Analysis and design of the shade canopy of cocoa-based agroforestry systems

2 Cocoa shade typologies

3 A four-step guide for analysis of the shade canopy

4 Designing improved shade canopies

5 Future needs: a call for action

Chapter 21 Organic cocoa cultivation

2 Production trends in organic cocoa

3 Organic certification

4 Pricing issues in organic cocoa production

5 Organic yields and cultivation methods

6 Pest and disease management

7 Conclusions and future trends

Chapter 22 Cocoa sustainability initiatives: the impacts of cocoa sustainability initiatives in West Africa

1 Introduction.

2 Historical context for the rise of voluntary sustainability standards.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-78676-170-X

OCLC:

1052875023