Sustainable Interactive Wireless Stickers : From Materials to Devices to Applications.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Arora, Nivedita.

Series:

ACM Bks.

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (226 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2025.

Summary:

Today's Internet of Things (IoT) devices are bulky, expensive, require battery maintenance, and involve costly installation. In contrast, the interactive stickers introduced in this monograph are low maintenance, inexpensive, and easy to deploy.

Contents:

Intro

Sustainable Interactive Wireless Stickers

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Acronyms

Acknowledgments

Preface

1 Introduction

1.1 Motivation

1.2 System Design Parameters

1.3 Research Statement, Questions, and Contributions

1.4 Research Overview

1.5 Acknowledgment of Collaborators

2 Research Approach and Background

2.1 Approach: Rethinking the Computing Stack with an Iterative Cross-disciplinary Research Process

2.2 Situating Research Work with Respect to System Design Parameters

2.3 History of Interactive Computational Materials

2.4 Enabling Technologies for Sustainable Interactive Wireless Stickers

2.4.1 Self-powered Vibration Sensors

2.4.2 Low-voltage and Low-power Circuit Designs

2.4.3 Low-power/Battery-free Wireless Sensing and Backscatter Communication

2.4.3.1 RFID and Passive Digital Wireless Communication

2.4.3.2 Hybrid Analog Devices

2.4.3.3 Fully Analog

2.4.4 Ultra-low-power and Thin Displays for Sustainable Systems

2.4.5 Power Harvesters for the Ambient Indoor Environment

2.4.6 Printed Flexible Electronics

2.5 Object- and Surface-based Interaction Sensing

2.6 Battery-free Interaction Sensing

2.6.1 Touch

2.6.2 Identity

2.6.3 Swipe-based Gesture Sensing

2.6.4 Acoustic Sound and Speech

3 Sensing: Thin, Flexible, and Self-powered Acoustic Vibration, Swipe, and Touch Sensors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 SATURN: A Self-powered Thin, Flexible, and Multilayer Acoustic Vibrational Sensor

3.3 How the SATURN Microphone Works

3.3.1 Theory of Operation: TENG

3.3.2 Device Design

3.3.3 Working Mechanism

3.4 Fabrication of SATURN

3.5 SATURN Device Design Optimization

3.5.1 Factors Affecting Device Performance

3.5.2 Method of Evaluation

3.5.2.1 Structural Modal Analysis

3.5.3 Separation Distance Optimization.

3.5.3.2 Paper and PTFE Attachment Position

3.5.5 Intra-device Performance Results

3.6 Mounting of SATURN Microphone

3.6.2 Back Support Materials

3.6.3 Orientation

3.6.5 Flexibility

3.7 Comparison of SATURN to COTS Microphone

3.8 SATURN as an Audio and Vibration Power Harvester

3.9 Exploring the Application Space for the Thin, Flexible SATURN Microphone

3.9.1 Localization of Speakers Around a Tabletop

3.9.2 A Sound-sensitive Bottle

3.10 Swipe Sensor

3.10.2 Left and Right Direction Sensor

3.12 Potential Applications for Swipe and Touch Sensor

3.13 Discussion: Limitations and Future Work

3.13.1 Improving Frequency Response Range of SATURN with Physics-based Modeling

3.13.2 Durability in Real-life Scenarios

3.13.3 Exploration of Other Types of Self-powered Sensors

3.13.4 Simpler Manufacturing Process and Experimenting with Materials of Varied Shelf-life

3.13.5 Building Self-powered Systems

3.14 Conclusion

4 Communication: No- or Low-power Wireless Stickers Based on AM/FM Backscatter Communication

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Theory of Operation: Analog Backscatter Communication

4.3 ZEUSSS System Design

4.4 Experimental Apparatus

4.5 Experimental Selection of Voltage-controlled Resistor

4.6 Recorded Audio Examples

4.7 Applications for ZEUSSS

4.8 Contributions of ZEUSSS

4.8.1 Extremely Simple Circuitry

4.8.2 Strategies for Lowering Tag Power

4.8.2.1 Analog Backscatter Communication

4.8.2.2 Use of Transistors in Unconventional Ways

4.8.3 Inspires Generalized Sustainable Mechanical Sensing

4.9 Limited Scalability of ZEUSSS as a Motivation for Building MARS

4.10 Contributions of MARS

4.11 MARS System Design and Theory of Operation

4.11.1 Primer on Zero-Vth MOSFET

4.11.2 Communication Method.

4.11.2.1 Low-power and Startup Voltage Modified Clapp Oscillator: Hardware Design and Characterization

4.11.2.2 RF-analog Switch

4.11.2.3 Antenna

4.11.3 Analog Sensing Mechanism

4.11.3.1 Inductor-controlled Oscillator

4.11.3.2 Capacitor-controlled Oscillator

4.11.3.3 Voltage-controlled Oscillator

4.12 MARS Tag Power Harvesting

4.12.1 Ambient Light

4.12.2 Body Heat

4.13 Interaction-specific MARS Tag Design and Applications

4.13.1 Experimental Setup

4.13.2 Transceiver Processing

4.13.3 Speech

4.13.4 Swipe-based Direction Sensing

4.13.5 Swipe-based Unique ID

4.13.6 Multiple Discrete Touchpoints

4.14 MARS System Level Performance Characterization

4.14.1 Operational Range

4.14.2 Multiple Tags

4.15 Comparative Case Study: Amazon Dash Button, RF Bandaid, and MARS

4.16 MARS: Discussion, Limitations, and Future Work

4.16.1 Replication of the Tag Frequency

4.16.2 Form Factor

4.16.3 Strategies for Increasing Operational Range

4.16.4 Placement of Tag

4.16.5 Alternate Methods of Power Harvesting

4.16.6 Tangible Privacy

4.17 Conclusion: Wireless Communication for Sustainable Interactive Stickers

5 Feedback: Low Startup Voltage and Low-power Display

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Theory of Operation for VENUS Display: Electrochromism

5.3 VENUS Device Design

5.3.1 Traditional ECD Design

5.3.1.1 Design of High-surface-area Counter Electrode for Vibrant Low-power VENUS Display

5.4 Fabrication: Materials and Process

5.4.1 Preparation of Counter Electrode: Blade Coating of Nano-ITO

5.4.2 Preparation of Working Electrode: Air Spray of ECP-Magenta

5.4.3 Device Assembly

5.6 Types of Information Conveyed by VENUS Display

5.6.3 Size

5.7 Power Harvesting Strategies for VENUS Display

5.7.1 Ambient Light

5.7.2 Finger or Hand Heat.

5.8 Designing Interactions Based on the Type of Power Harvester

5.8.1 Thermoelectric-based Touch Interaction: Clear to Onset Mode

5.8.2 Ambient Light-powered Opening/Closing Box Interaction: Clear to Off Mode

5.9 Exploration of Application Space

5.9.1 Finger Heat-powered Interactive Cards

5.9.2 Addition of On/Off Indicator to Wireless Audio Communication Sticker

5.10 Discussion: Limitations and Future Work

5.10.1 Ways of Improving Device Lifetime

5.10.2 Alternate Power Harvesting Strategies

5.11 Conclusion

6 Discussion

6.1 Learnings and Observations

6.2 Stepping into the Era of Sustainable Computational Materials and Objects

6.2.1 Scratching the Surface in Terms of Sustainability in this Work

6.2.1.1 Need for Less Carbon-intensive Manufacturing and Disposal

6.2.1.2 Balancing Privacy with Power, Cost, and Usability

6.2.1.3 Balancing the Need for Scalability with Power and Cost

6.2.2 Research Thrusts for Building Sustainable Computational Materials

6.2.2.1 Sustainable Devices and Circuits

6.2.2.2 Systems and Architecture

6.2.2.3 Sustainable Design and Applications

6.2.2.4 Defining Quantitative/Qualitative Sustainability Metrics

7 Conclusion

A MARS Circuit Boards

Bibliography

Author's Biography

Index.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

979-84-00-71375-0

OCLC:

1517397352