Adverse Meteorological Phenomena in Northeast Brazil / edited by Natalia Fedorova and Vladimir Levit.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Fedorova, Natalia, editor.

Levit, Vladimir, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Meteorology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (0 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Newcastle upon Tyne, England : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, [2023]

Summary:

This book contains information about the physical processes of the formation and forecasting of adverse meteorological phenomena in the tropical region. This information includes, firstly, the theorical foundations of physical processes, and secondly, a guide to short-range weather forecasting. Moreover, the book presents practical methods of short-term weather forecasting in Northeast Brazil, using synoptic and thermodynamic analysis, satellite data and numerical models. This book can be used for: student education, for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students of meteorology; operational weather forecasting in the tropical region by professionals in meteorology, such as professors, researchers, and operational meteorologists; verification of forecasting methods for other tropical regions; and development of automatic methods for short-term weather forecasting of such phenomena as heavy and light rain, thunderstorms, low visibility, haze, and fog.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Introduction

Part I

Chapter 1

1. Identification

2. Annual and seasonal frequencies

3. Vertical and horizontal structure

4. ITCZ formation

5. Precipitation and meteorological phenomena

6. References

Chapter 2

3. Vertical structure

4. Association with synoptic systems

5. SASH formation

Example 1: from 1 to 15 November 2022

Example 2: from 2 to 7 June 2022

6. Meteorological phenomena

7. References

Chapter 3

1. Introduction

2. Overview of disturbances in the trade winds

2.1 North Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans tradeswinds disturbances

2.2 South Atlantic trade winds disturbances

2.3 Overview of average basic characteristics

3. Identification

3.1 Trade winds

3.2 Wave Disturbances in the Trade Winds - Guidance and Example

4. Conclusion

5. References

Chapter 4

2. UTCV identification

2.1 UTCV identification using streamlines

2.2 UTCV identification using satellite images

2.3 Numerical method for UTCV identification

3. UTCV frequency, duration, and trajectories

4. Three-dimensional structure of UTCV

5. Processes of formation and dissipation of UTCV

5.1 Formation of UTCV

5.2 An example of the UTCV formation and development

5.3 UTCV dissipation

5.4 UTCV dissipation example

6. Relationships of UTCV with other synoptic andmesoscale systems

6.1 Relationships between UTCV and BNEJS

6.2 Connection of UTCV and SACZ

6.3 Connection of UTCV and ITCZ

6.4 UTCV during El Niño and La Niña years

7. Precipitation, thunderstorms and hail associatedwith UTCV

7.1 UTCVs and precipitation

7.2 UTCV and hail

7.3 UTCV, thunderstorms and lightning

8. References

Chapter 5

1. Identification.

2. Location, duration, vertical structure

3. MTCV trajectories

4. MTCV formation

5. Seasonal variation

6. Relationship between MTCV and precipitation

7. Relationship between MTCV and adverse phenomena

8. MTCVs over the BNE continent

9. Summary of MTCV characteristics

10. References

Chapter 6

2. Vertical Structure

3. Association with synoptic systems and BNEJS direction

4. Association of BNEJS with tropical and polar jet streams

4.1 Annual frequencies

4.2 Seasonal frequencies

5. BNEJS and precipitations relationship

5.1 BNEJS and precipitations in summer

5.2 BNEJS and precipitations in winter

6. BNEJS and Mesoscale Convective Complexesrelationship

Chapter 7

2. Vertical structure

3. Seasonal variation

4. Modification of the vertical structure of a cold front during its displacement from the subtropical to tropical latitudes

5. Synoptic conditions of frontal zone displacement from subtropical to tropical latitudes

5. 1 Typical cloudiness of a baroclinic cyclone at the beginning of their displacement

5. 2 Types of cloudiness of baroclinic cyclone and cold front in the beginning of the displacement

5.3 Frontogenesis

5. 4 Cyclogenesis

5.5 Coupling of Polar and Subtropical jet streams

5.6 Bolivian High displacement to the east

5.7 Frontal zone fracture

6. Precipitations at the frontal zone periphery

6.1 Convection at the frontal periphery in the BNE

6.2 Connection of the frontal periphery with the ITCZ

7. Summary of the frontal zone characters in the tropical zone of the BNE

Chapter 8

2. Location, duration, and season

3. Vertical circulation

4. Relationship with adverse phenomena

5. Example 1, 17-18 September 2015

6. Example 2, June 11, 2010.

7. References

Chapter 9

1. Cold air advection

1.1 Secondary frontal zone and vortex in the cold air

1.2 Instant occlusion

2. Warm air advection

3. Cyclogenesis and frontogenesis processes

4. The direction of baroclinic cyclone vortex displacement by satellite data

5. Displacement velocity of baroclinic cyclones and frontal zones by satellite data

6. Cloudiness evolution on satellite images

7. Location of heavy precipitation in the cyclonic vortex by satellite data

8. Summary, practical recommendations and examples

9. Example 27-28 October 2022

10. Example 4-7 November 2022

11. Example 15-16 November 2022

12. References

Part II

1. Temperature forecasting

1.1 1 term - temperature advection

1.2 2 term - vertical motions

1.3 3 term - diabatic processes

1.4 Forecasting T from the thermodynamic energy equation

1.5 Example 1 - Warm advection:

1.6 Example 2 - Cold advection:

2. Maximum temperature forecast

2.1 Method I: Identify Tmax by the height of the dry adiabatic gradient distribution, using the level of convective condensation (Petterssen, 1956 a,b

Fedorova, 2008a

Fedorova et al.,1999, 2005, 2017).

2.2 Method II: Identify layer height with surface heating (Petterssen, 1956 a,b

Fedorova et al., 1999, 2005, 2017).

2.3 Example 3 - Tmax forecasting

2.4 Example 4 -The passage of a cold front through the eastern BNE, 13 - 18 June 2022

3. Summary and practical recommendations

4. Appendix

1. Simulated profiles - Sp

2. Elaboration of a forecasted profile - Fp

2.1 Method I - using trajectories of the air particle

2.2 Method II - using vertical motions and advection T and Td

3. References

1. General Considerations for Precipitation Forecasting

2. Extratropical region

3. Tropical region.

4. Precipitation forecasting by thermodynamic methods

1. Thunderstorm climatology

2. Synoptic systems associated with thunderstorms

3. Thermodynamic characteristics of the troposphere during thunderstorm days

4. Forecast Decision Tree for Thunderstorm Forecasting

5. Example on 13 March 2019

1. General information

2. Synoptic systems

Example 1. Fog formation in the WDTW

Example 2. Fog formation in the MTCV

3.Thermodynamic forecasting methods

4. PAFOG model and FogVIS tool

4.1 PAFOG

4.2 FogVisv1.0

5. Complex methods of forecasting

2. MCC identification and life cycle

3. MCC Seasonality

4. MCC Characteristics

5. Synoptic systems associated with the MCC development

6. MCC Locations

7. MCC relationship with precipitation and other adverse phenomena

7.1. Precipitation

7.2. Thunderstorms

8. Simulated and forecasted profiles in MCC

9. MCC trajectories

10. Relief Influence on the MCCs

10.1. Mountain influence

10.2. Example of MCC event

11. Final considerations and recommendations for MCC forecasting in the BNE

11.1 Seasons

11.2 MCC development time period

11.3 MCC Sizes

11.4 Continent and adjacent ocean

11.5 Synoptic systems associated with MCC

11.6 Jet Streams at low and high levels

11.7 Precipitation and thunderstorm

11.8 Forecast of MCC precipitation and adverse phenomena in the BNE

11.9 MCC trajectories

Conclusion

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Chapter Authors.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

Other Format:

Print version: Fedorova, Natalia Adverse Meteorological Phenomena in Northeast Brazil

ISBN:

1-5275-3116-3