Introduction to spacecraft thermal design / Eric A. Silk.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Silk, Eric, author.

Series:

Cambridge aerospace series ; 48.

Cambridge aerospace series ; 48

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Space vehicles--Thermodynamics.

Space vehicles.

Heat--Transmission.

Heat.

Space vehicles--Cooling.

Low temperature engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxviii, 557 pages) : digital, PDF file(s).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Summary:

Develop a fundamental understanding of heat transfer analysis techniques as applied to earth based spacecraft with this practical guide. Written in a tutorial style, this essential text provides a how-to manual tailored for those who wish to understand and develop spacecraft thermal analyses. Providing an overview of basic heat transfer analysis fundamentals such as thermal circuits, limiting resistance, MLI, environmental thermal sources and sinks, as well as contemporary space based thermal technologies, and the distinctions between design considerations inherent to room temperature and cryogenic temperature applications, this is the perfect tool for graduate students, professionals and academic researchers.

Contents:

Cover

Half-title

Series information

Title page

Copyright information

Dedication

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Nomenclature

Subscripts

1 Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Why Is Space Important?

1.3 Space-Based Thermal Energy Analysis Constructs

1.4 Units

1.5 Fundamental Heat Transfer Mechanisms

1.5.1 Conduction

1.5.2 Convection

1.5.3 Radiation

1.6 The Energy Balance

1.7 Supplemental Resources

References

Problems

2 Conduction Heat Transfer Analysis

2.1 Introduction

2.2 1-D Conduction

2.2.1 Series Resistance

2.2.2 Interface Resistance

2.2.3 Limiting Resistance

2.2.4 Parallel Resistances

2.2.5 Multiple Energy Sources

2.3 Finite Difference, Finite Element and the Energy Balance

2.4 Radial Geometries

2.4.1 The Hollow (or Concentric) Cylinder

2.4.2 Longitudinal Resistances in Cylindrical Structures

2.4.3 Circumferential Resistances in Cylindrical Structures

2.5 2-D Conduction Shape Factors

2.6 Honeycomb Panel Structures

2.7 Lumped Body Heating Methodology

3 Radiative Heat Transfer Analysis

3.1 Fundamentals of Radiation

3.2 The Blackbody

3.2.1 Radiation Intensity

3.2.2 Planck's Distribution Law

3.2.3 Blackbody Emissive Power

3.2.4 Irradiation

3.3 Real Surfaces

3.3.1 Radiosity

3.3.2 Emissivity

3.3.3 Absorptivity, Reflectivity and Transmissivity

3.3.4 Kirchhoff's Law

3.3.5 Gray Body Surfaces

3.4 Radiative Heat Transfer between Surfaces

3.4.1 View Factors

3.4.2 Enclosures

3.4.3 Hottel's String Method

3.4.4 Net Radiative Energy Exchange (Blackbody and Gray Surfaces)

3.4.4.1 Blackbody Surfaces

3.4.4.2 Diffuse Gray Surfaces

3.4.4.3 Diffuse Gray Body Surface Analysis with Reflection

3.5 Multilayer Insulation

3.5.1 Theory and Background.

3.5.2 MLI Blanket Constructions

3.5.3 Practical Considerations for Application

4 The Space Environment

4.1 Design Considerations

4.2 Earth-Based vs. Deep Space Missions

4.3 Astrodynamics Fundamentals

4.3.1 General Definitions

4.3.2 Types of Orbits

4.4 Lagrange Points

4.5 Environmental Thermal Heating

4.5.1 Flat Plate Analysis

4.5.2 Surface Area Projections

4.6 Analysis Methodologies

4.7 Reduced Node SpaceCube Analysis

4.7.1 Non-ideal Space Structure MLI Performance

4.7.2 SpaceCube with Radiator Thermally Decoupled from Structure

4.7.3 PV Cells and/or Solar Array Analysis

5 Space-Based Advanced Thermal Conductance and Storage Technologies

5.1 Space-Based Technologies

5.2 Transfer Processes

5.3 Fundamental Technologies

5.3.1 Heat Pumps

5.3.2 Thermal Straps

5.4 Boiling Heat Transfer Components in 1-g and Microgravity

5.4.1 Heat Pipes

5.4.1.1 Operational Limits

5.4.1.2 Gravity Effects

5.4.1.3 Heat Pipe Geometry

5.4.1.4 Variable Conductance Heat Pipes

5.4.1.5 Figure of Merit

5.4.1.6 Implementation and Thermal Circuitry

5.4.1.7 Heat Pipe Radiators

5.4.2 Loop Heat Pipes

5.4.2.1 Fundamentals of Operation

5.4.2.2 Start-Up Considerations, Operation and Shutdown

Start-Up Scenarios

Operational Regimes

Shutdown

Hysteresis

5.4.2.3 Orientation Effects in Terrestrial Environments

5.4.2.4 Figure of Merit

5.4.2.5 Non-Condensable Gas Effects

5.4.2.6 Heat Transfer Performance Modeling

5.5 Thermoelectric Coolers and Generators

5.5.1 Operational Effects

5.5.2 Heat Transfer in Thermoelectric Devices

5.5.2.1 Energy Exchange at the Element and Couple Level

5.5.2.2 Module-Level Energy Exchange

5.5.3 Thermoelectric Cooler Performance Features

5.5.3.1 Operational Issues.

5.5.3.2 Applications

5.6 Phase Change Materials

5.6.1 Fundamentals of Operational Cycles

5.6.2 Features and Modules

5.6.3 Heat Transfer Analysis

6 Sensors, Instrumentation and Test Support Hardware

6.1 Introduction

6.2 What Is a Sensor?

6.2.1 Temperature-Based Sensors

6.2.2 Detectors

6.3 Heaters

6.3.1 Types of Heaters

6.3.2 Temperature Control Techniques

6.4 Test Support Equipment

6.4.1 Vacuum Systems

6.4.2 Leak Checking

6.5 Error Analysis

7 Fundamentals of Cryogenics

7.1 Background

7.1.1 The Challenge of ''Going Cold''

7.1.2 Cryogenics Engineering from a Multi-disciplinary Perspective

7.2 Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures

7.2.1 Cryogenic Fluids

7.2.2 Thermal Expansion Effects

7.2.3 Materials Selection and Mechanical Strength

7.2.4 Emissivity of Metals

7.2.5 The Residual Resistivity Ratio

7.3 Transfer Processes at Low Temperature

7.3.1 Superfluid Helium

7.3.2 Superconductivity

7.3.3 The Magnetocaloric Effect and ADRs

7.4 Design Features of Cryogenic Systems

7.4.1 Temperature Staging

7.4.2 Wiring

7.4.3 Interfaces and Bolted Joints

7.4.4 Thermal Design Margins

7.5 Standard Methods for Cool-Down

7.5.1 Stored Cryogen Systems

7.5.2 Mechanical Cryocoolers

8 Developmental and Environmental Testing

8.1 Background

8.1.1 Testing for Relevant Environments

8.1.2 Significance of Testing in Vacuum

8.2 Spacecraft Systems Test Philosophy

8.2.1 The Project Life-Cycle

8.2.2 Design and Development

8.2.3 Temperature Cycling

8.2.4 Qualification and Acceptance

8.3 Assembly-Level Testing

8.3.1 Instrument

8.3.2 Spacecraft

8.4 Cryogenic Considerations

Appendix A Common View Factor Tables

References.

Appendix B Thermal Coatings Tables

Reference

Appendix C Earth IR and Albedo tables

Index

Solutions

Chapter 1 Solutions

Chapter 2 Solutions

Chapter 3 Solutions

Chapter 4 Solutions

Chapter 5 Solutions

Chapter 6 Solutions

Chapter 7 Solutions.

Notes:

Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 29 Jun 2020).

ISBN:

9781108149914

1-108-15203-1

1-108-15371-2

1-108-14991-X

OCLC:

1145908263