Why society is a complex matter : meeting 21st century challenges with a new kind of science / Philip Ball.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ball, Philip.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Interpersonal relations.

Social psychology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (71 p.)

Edition:

1st ed. 2012.

Place of Publication:

Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Society is complicated. But this book argues that this does not place it beyond the reach of a science that can help to explain and perhaps even to predict social behaviour. As a system made up of many interacting agents – people, groups, institutions and governments, as well as physical and technological structures such as roads and computer networks – society can be regarded as a complex system. In recent years, scientists have made great progress in understanding how such complex systems operate, ranging from animal populations to earthquakes and weather. These systems show behaviours that cannot be predicted or intuited by focusing on the individual components, but which emerge spontaneously as a consequence of their interactions: they are said to be ‘self-organized’. Attempts to direct or manage such emergent properties generally reveal that ‘top-down’ approaches, which try to dictate a particular outcome, are ineffectual, and that what is needed instead is a ‘bottom-up’ approach that aims to guide self-organization towards desirable states. This book shows how some of these ideas from the science of complexity can be applied to the study and management of social phenomena, including traffic flow, economic markets, opinion formation and the growth and structure of cities. Building on these successes, the book argues that the complex-systems view of the social sciences has now matured sufficiently for it to be possible, desirable and perhaps essential to attempt a grander objective: to integrate these efforts into a unified scheme for studying, understanding and ultimately predicting what happens in the world we have made. Such a scheme would require the mobilization and collaboration of many different research communities, and would allow society and its interactions with the physical environment to be explored through realistic models and large-scale data collection and analysis. It should enable us to find new and effective solutions to major global problems such as conflict, disease, financial instability, environmental despoliation and poverty, while avoiding unintended policy consequences. It could give us the foresight to anticipate and ameliorate crises, and to begin tackling some of the most intractable problems of the twenty-first century.

Contents:

Society: a Complex Problem

On the Road: Predicting traffic

Every Move You Make: Patterns of crowd movement

Making Your Mind Up: Norms and decisions

Broken Windows: The spread and control of crime

The Social Web: Networks and their failures.- Spreading It Around: Mobility, disease and epidemics

After the Crash: Economic and financial systems

Love Thy Neighbour: How to foster cooperation

Living Cities: Urban development as a complex system

The Transformation of War: Modelling modern conflict

Towards a Living Earth Simulator: The FuturICT Project.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

1-280-99734-6

9786613768957

3-642-29000-0

OCLC:

795505180