Harmonic modeling of voltage source converters using simple numerical methods / Ryan Kuo-Lung Lia, Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto. Bing Hao Lin.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lian, Ryan Kuo-Lung, author.

Lin, Bing Hao, author.

Subroto, Ramadhani Kurniawan, author.

Series:

IEEE Press.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Harmonics (Electric waves)--Mathematical models.

Harmonics (Electric waves).

Electromagnetic interference--Mathematical models.

Electromagnetic interference.

Electric power-plants--Equipment and supplies.

Electric power-plants.

Electric current converters--Mathematical models.

Electric current converters.

Numerical analysis.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (419 pages)

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, [2021]

Summary:

"The ac electric power systems are essentially designed to operate with sinusoidal voltages and currents at frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz. However, certain types of power components or loads produce currents and voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of these frequencies (i.e. the fundamental frequencies). These higher frequencies are a form of electrical pollution known as power system harmonics. Power system harmonics are not a new phenomenon, and it is as old as the distribution of alternating current, which began in 1895-1896 [5]. It is reported that in 1893, Charles Proteus Steinmetz had worked on the problem of motor heating while working at Thomson-Houston [6]. After rigorous calculations and experimental validation, Steinmetz concluded that the problem was due to the resonance in the transmission circuit feeding the plant and a generator with a substantial amount of waveform distortion. Consequently, Steinmetz proposed two solutions to overcome this harmonic problem. The first was to reduce the system frequency to one-half of its original value. That is, to reduce the original frequency value of 125 Hz to a new value of 62.5 Hz. Note that at that time, most of the single-phase generator were operated at 125 Hz, 140 Hz or 1331"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Symbols

Chapter 1 Fundamental Theory

1.1 Background

1.2 Definition of Harmonics

1.3 Fourier Series

1.3.1 Trigonometric Form

1.3.2 Phasor Form

1.3.3 Exponential Form

1.4 Waveform Symmetry

1.4.1 Even Symmetry

1.4.2 Odd Symmetry

1.4.3 Half‐Wave Symmetry

1.5 Phase Sequence of Harmonics

1.6 Frequency Domain and Harmonic Domain

1.7 Power Definitions

1.7.1 Average Power

1.7.2 Apparent and Reactive Power

1.8 Harmonic Indices

1.8.1 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

1.8.2 Total Demand Distortion (TDD)

1.8.3 True Power Factor

1.9 Detrimental Effects of Harmonics

1.9.1 Resonance

1.9.2 Misoperations of Meters and Relays

1.9.3 Harmonics Impact on Motors

1.9.4 Harmonics Impact on Transformers

1.10 Characteristic Harmonic and Non‐Characteristic Harmonic

1.11 Harmonic Current Injection Method

1.12 Steady‐State vs. Transient Response

1.13 Steady‐State Modeling

1.14 Large‐Signal Modeling vs. Small‐Signal Modeling

1.15 Discussion of IEEE Standard (STD) 519

1.16 Supraharmonics

Chapter 2 Power Electronics Basics

2.1 Some Basics

2.2 Semiconductors vs. Wide Bandgap Semiconductors

2.3 Types of Static Switches

2.3.1 Uncontrolled Static Switch

2.3.2 Semi‐Controllable Switches

2.3.3 Controlled Switch

2.4 Combination of Switches

2.5 Classification Based on Commutation Process

2.6 Voltage Source Converter vs. Current Source Converter

Chapter 3 Basic Numerical Iterative Methods

3.1 Definition of Error

3.2 The Gauss-Seidel Method

3.3 Predictor‐Corrector

3.4 Newton's Method

3.4.1 Root Finding

3.4.2 Numerical Integration

3.4.3 Power Flow

3.4.4 Harmonic Power Flow

3.4.5 Shooting Method

3.4.6 Advantages of Newton's Method

3.4.7 Quasi‐Newton Method.

3.4.8 Limitation of Newton's Method

3.5 PSO

Chapter 4 Matrix Exponential

4.1 Definition of Matrix Exponential

4.2 Evaluation of Matrix Exponential

4.2.1 Inverse Laplace Transform

4.2.2 Cayley-Hamilton Method

4.2.3 Padé Approximation

4.2.4 Scaling and Squaring

4.3 Krylov Subspace Method

4.4 Krylov Space Method with Restarting

4.5 Application of Augmented Matrix on DC‐DC Converters

4.6 Runge-Kutta Methods

Chapter 5 Modeling of Voltage Source Converters

5.1 Single‐Phase Two‐Level VSCs

5.1.1 Switching Functions

5.1.2 Switched Circuits

5.2 Three‐Phase Two‐Level VSCs

5.3 Three‐Phase Multilevel Voltage Source Converter

5.3.1 Multilevel PWM

5.3.2 Diode Clamped Multilevel VSCs

5.3.3 Flying Capacitor Multilevel VSCs

5.3.4 Cascaded Multi‐Level VSCs

5.3.5 Modular Multi‐Level VSC

Chapter 6 Frequency Coupling Matrices

6.1 Construction of FCM in the Harmonic Domain

6.2 Construction of FCM in the Time Domain

Chapter 7 General Control Approaches of a VSC

7.1 Reference Frame

7.1.1 Stationary‐abc Frame

7.1.2 Stationary‐&lt

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7.1.3 Synchronous‐&lt

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7.1.4 Phase‐Locked Loop

7.2 Control Strategies

7.2.1 Vector‐Current Controller

7.2.2 Direct Power Controller

7.2.3 DC‐bus Voltage Controller

7.2.4 Circulating Current Controller

Chapter 8 Generalized Steady‐State Solution Procedure for Closed‐Loop Converter Systems

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Generalized Procedure

8.2.1 Step 1: Determine How and Where to Break the Loop

8.2.2 Step 2: Check if the Calculation Flows of the Broken System are Feasible.

8.2.3 Step 3: Determine What Domain of Each Component in the System Should be Modeled

8.2.4 Step 4: Formulate the Mismatch Equations

8.2.5 Step 5: Iterate to Find the Solution

8.3 Previously Proposed Methods Derived from the Proposed Solution Procedures

8.3.1 Steady‐State Methods Derived from Loop‐Breaking 1 Method

8.3.2 Steady‐State Methods Derived from Loop‐Breaking 2 Method

8.4 The Loop‐Breaking 3 Method

Chapter 9 Loop‐Breaking 1 Method

9.1 A Typical Two‐Level VSC with AC Current Control and DC Voltage Control

9.2 Loop‐Breaking 1 Method for a Two‐Level VSC

9.2.1 Block 1

9.2.2 Current Controller Block

9.2.3 Voltage Controller Block

9.3 Solution Flow Diagram

9.3.1 Initialization

9.3.2 Jacobian Matrix

9.3.3 Number of Modulating Voltage Harmonics to be Included

Chapter 10 Loop‐Breaking 2 Method for Solving a VSC

10.1 Modeling for a Closed‐Loop DC‐DC Converter

10.1.1 Model of the Buck Converter

10.1.2 Constraints of Steady‐State

10.1.3 Switching Time Constraints

10.1.4 Solution Flow Diagram

10.2 Two‐Level VSC Modeling: Open‐Loop Equations

10.2.1 Steady‐State Constraints

10.2.2 Switching Time Constraints

10.2.3 Solution Flow Diagram

10.2.4 Initialization

10.2.5 Jacobian Matrix

10.3 Comparison Between the LB 1 and LB 2 Methods

10.3.1 Case #1: Balanced System

10.3.2 Case #2: Unbalanced System with AC Waveform Exhibiting Half‐Wave Symmetry

10.3.3 Case #3: Unbalanced System, No Waveform Symmetry

10.4 Large‐Signal Modeling for Line‐Commutated Power Converter

10.4.1 Discontinuous Conduction Mode

10.4.2 Continuous Conduction Mode

10.4.3 Steady‐State Constraint Equations

10.4.4 General Comments

Chapter 11 Loop‐Breaking 3 Method

11.1 OpenDSS

11.2 Interfacing OpenDSS with MATLAB

11.3 Interfacing OpenDSS with Harmonic Models of VSCs.

Chapter 12 Small‐Signal Harmonic Model of a VSC

12.1 Problem Statement

12.2 Gauss-Seidel LB 3 and Newton LB 3

12.2.1 Current Injection Method

12.2.2 Norton Circuit Method

12.3 Small‐Signal Analysis of DC‐DC Converter

12.4 Small‐Signal Analysis of a Two‐Level VSC

12.4.1 Approach from Section 12.3

12.4.2 Simpler Approach

Chapter 13 Parameter Estimation for a Single VSC

13.1 Background on Parameter Estimation

13.2 Parameter Estimator Based on White‐Box‐and‐Black‐Box Models

13.3 Estimation Validations

13.3.1 Experimental Validation

13.3.2 PSCAD/EMTDC Validation

Chapter 14 Parameter Estimation for Multiple VSCs with Domain Adaptation

14.1 Introduction of Deep Learning

14.2 Domain Adaptation

14.3 Parameter Estimation for Multiple VSCs

14.4 Notations for DA

14.5 Supervised Domain Adaptation for Regression

14.6 Supervised Domain Adaptation for Classification

14.7 Test Setup

14.7.1 Data Generator

14.7.2 Data Preprocessing

14.8 Performance Metrics

14.8.1 R square (Regression)

14.8.2 Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE (Regression)

14.8.3 Accuracy (Classification)

14.8.4 F1 score (Classification)

14.9 Test Results

14.9.1 Classification Task on Multiple VSC

14.9.2 Regression Task on Multiple VSC

14.10 Software for Running the Codes

14.11 Implementation of Domain Adaptation

14.11.1 Data Generation

14.11.2 Regression

14.11.3 Classification Network

References

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119527152

1119527155

9781119527190

1119527198

9781119527145

1119527147

OCLC:

1285169734