Photovoltaic solar energy : from fundamentals to applications. Volume 2 / edited by Wilfried van Sark, Bram Hoex, Angèle Reinders, Pierre Verlinden, Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Sark, Wilfried van, editor.

Hoex, Bram, editor.

Reinders, Angèle, editor.

Verlinden, Pierre, editor.

Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J., editor.

Series:

IEEE Press Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photovoltaic power generation.

Photovoltaic cells.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (638 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2024.

Summary:

This comprehensive volume on photovoltaic solar energy provides an in-depth exploration of the principles and advancements in solar technology. It covers a range of topics including solar irradiance resources, crystalline silicon technology, perovskite solar cells, and tandem structures. The book discusses innovations in photovoltaic systems such as nanophotonics, machine learning applications, and building-integrated photovoltaics. Authored by leading experts in the field, it aims to equip researchers, engineers, and academics with the latest knowledge and methodologies in solar energy applications. The book also addresses the challenges in deploying solar systems in distribution grids and explores emerging technologies like agrivoltaics and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

About the Editors

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Companion Website

Part One Introduction to the Book

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction to Photovoltaic Solar Energy, Volume 2

1.2 The First Terawatt

1.3 Structure of the Book

References

Part Two Solar Irradiance Resources

Chapter 2 Solar Irradiance Resources

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Earth-Sun System

2.3 Sun Position Calculations

2.4 Extraterrestrial Irradiance

2.5 Solar Radiation at the Earth's Surface

2.6 Spectral Content of Sunlight

2.7 Clear Sky Irradiance Models

2.8 Conclusion/Summary

Author Biography

Chapter 3 Irradiance and Weather Datasets for PV Modeling

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Measurements of Irradiance Data

3.3 Satellite Irradiance Datasets

3.4 Modeled or Processed Irradiance Datasets

3.5 Conclusion

Chapter 4 Irradiance on the Plane of the Array

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Modeling POA Irradiance

4.3 Array Orientation

4.3.1 Fixed Tilt Array Orientation

4.3.2 Tracking Schemes and Algorithms

4.3.3 Backtracking

4.4 Plane‐of‐Array Beam Irradiance

4.5 Angle of Incidence

4.6 Plane‐of‐Array Ground Reflected Irradiance

4.7 Albedo

4.8 Plane‐of Array Sky Diffuse Irradiance

4.8.1 Isotropic Model

4.8.2 Circumsolar Brightening (e.g. Hay and Davies Model)

4.8.3 Horizon Brightening (e.g. Reindl Model)

4.8.4 Empirical Models (e.g. Perez Model)

4.9 Conclusion

Author Biographies

Part Three Crystalline Silicon Technologies

Chapter 5 Crystalline Silicon Ingot Pulling and Wafering Technology

5.1 Origin of Czochralski‐Growth Technology

5.2 Technical Principles and Application

5.3 Status of Recharge‐Cz (RCz) Ingot Pulling Technology.

5.4 Development of Continuous Crystal Pulling Technology (CCz)

5.5 N‐Type Mono‐Wafer Slicing Technology

5.6 Conclusion

Abbreviations and acronyms

Chapter 6 Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) Solar Cells

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Concept

6.3 Both Side Contacted Cells with TOPCon

6.3.1 Cell Architectures

6.3.2 Industrial TOPCon (i‐TOPCon)

6.3.2.1 Formation of Interfacial Oxide

6.3.2.2 Deposition and Doping of Polysilicon

6.3.2.3 Hydrogenation and Contact Formation

6.4 Challenges

6.4.1 Technological Challenges

6.4.2 Alternative to Ag Contacts

6.4.3 Economic Competitiveness to p‐PERC Cells

6.5 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cells: Recent Developments

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Material Evolutions

7.2.1 Thin Silicon Layers

7.2.2 Transparent Electrodes

7.2.3 Alternative Materials

7.3 Device Processing

7.3.1 Contacting Strategies

7.3.2 Wafer Type

7.3.3 Post‐processing Improvements

7.4 Revolution in Industry

7.4.1 Research and Development

7.4.2 Status of Production

7.5 Conclusions

Chapter 8 Update on Non‐silicon‐based Low‐Temperature Passivating Contacts for Silicon Solar Cells

8.1 Introduction

8.2 TMOs as Passivating Electron Contacts

8.2.1 TiO2−x as Passivating Electron Contact

8.2.2 Nb2O5−x as Passivating Electron Contact

8.2.3 Ta2O5−x as Passivating Electron Contact

8.2.4 Sc2O3−x as Passivating Electron Contact

8.2.5 ZnO as Passivating Electron Contact

8.3 Non‐TMOs as Electron‐Selective Contacts

8.3.1 MgOx as Passivating Electron Contact

8.3.2 SnO2−x as Passivating Electron Contact

8.3.3 Other Metal Compounds as Electron‐Selective Contacts

8.4 TMOs as Passivating Hole Contacts for c‐Si Solar Cells.

8.4.1 MoO3−x as Passivating Hole Contact

8.4.2 V2O5−x as Passivating Hole Contact

8.4.3 WO3−x as Passivating Hole Contact

8.4.4 Non‐conventional TiOxSiy/c‐Si Stack as Passivating Hole Contact

8.4.5 Other Passivating Hole Contacts

8.5 Summary

Chapter 9 Carrier‐Induced Degradation

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Boron-Oxygen Related Recombination

9.3 Light and Elevated Temperature Degradation (LeTID)

9.4 Copper‐Related Degradation

9.5 Surface‐Related Degradation

9.6 Conclusions

Chapter 10 Hydrogenation

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Typical Hydrogenation Methods

10.2.1 Forming Gas Anneal and "Alneal"

10.2.2 Hydrogen Containing Dielectrics

10.2.2.1 Thermal Activation

10.2.3 Hydrogen Plasma

10.2.4 Bulk Silicon Hydrogen Passivation

10.3 Advanced Hydrogenation

10.3.1 Background

10.3.2 Atomic Hydrogen Behavior in Silicon

10.3.3 The Impact of Temperature and Carrier Injection

10.3.4 The Benefit of Charge State Control

10.3.5 Industrial Advanced Hydrogenation Processes

10.4 Hydrogenation in Record Solar Cells

10.5 Passivation of Specific Defects

10.5.1 Surfaces and Grain Boundaries

10.5.2 Dislocations

10.5.3 Vacancies

10.5.4 Process Induced Defects

10.5.5 Boron-Oxygen (BO) Defects

10.5.6 Transition Metals

10.6 Negative Effects of Hydrogen

10.7 Conclusion

Part Four Perovskite Solar Cells

Chapter 11 Perovskite Solar Cells

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Metal Halide Perovskites

11.3 Evolution of Perovskite Solar Cell Design

11.4 Optical Properties of Perovskites

11.5 Defects and Defect Tolerance of Perovskite

11.6 Outlook

Part Five Tandem Structures.

Chapter 12 Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Monolithic Tandems: Evolution of Record Devices and Key Developments

12.3 Four Terminal Tandems

12.4 Packaging, Stability, and Field Testing

12.5 Outlook

Chapter 13 An Overview of Chalcogenide Thin Film Materials for Tandem Applications

13.1 Chalcogenide Thin Film Materials With Tuneable Bandgap

13.2 Tandem Applications

13.3 Bottom Cell Candidates

13.4 Top Cell Candidates

13.5 Tandem Results

13.6 Conclusions and Outlook

Part Six Nanophotonics

Chapter 14 Nanoscale Photovoltaics

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Absorption and Scattering by Nanoscale Objects

14.2.1 Localized Resonances

14.2.2 Guided Modes

14.2.2.1 Arrays of Absorbing Nanoparticles

14.3 Nanophotovoltaics

14.3.1 The Internal and External Quantum Efficiency

14.3.2 The Short‐Circuit Current

14.3.3 The Open‐Circuit Voltage

14.3.3.1 Radiative Recombination

14.3.3.2 Nonradiative Recombination

14.3.4 Conversion Efficiency

14.3.4.1 Efficiency Limits

14.3.4.2 Concentration

14.3.5 Angle Restriction

14.4 Nanowire Solar Cells

14.4.1 Nanowire Synthesis

14.4.2 Single Nanowire Solar Cells

14.4.3 Nanowire Array Solar Cells

14.5 Conclusion

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Nomenclature

Chapter 15 Quantum Dots Solar Cells

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Colloidal Quantum Dots Generalities

15.3 Ligand Exchange Methods

15.4 Evolution of CQDs Solar Cells

15.5 Recent Progress in Solar Cells

15.6 Solvents for CQDs Inks

15.7 Device Structure

15.7.1 Electron Transport Layer

15.7.2 Hole Transport Layer

15.8 Conclusion

Chapter 16 Singlet Fission for Solar Cells

16.1 Introduction.

16.2 Molecular Electronic Structure and Photophysics

16.3 Davydov Splitting

16.4 Singlet Fission

16.5 The Potential Benefits of Singlet Fission

16.6 Materials for Singlet Fission

16.7 Devices Reported to Date

16.8 Prospects

Part Seven Characterization and Measurements Methods

Chapter 17 Temperature‐Dependent Lifetime and Photoluminescence Measurements

17.1 Temperature‐Dependent Lifetime Spectroscopy

17.1.1 Lifetime Spectroscopy

17.1.2 Analysis Methods

17.1.2.1 Defect Parameterization Solution Surface

17.1.2.2 Defect Parameter Contour Map

17.1.2.3 Linearization‐Based Methods

17.1.2.4 The Newton-Raphson Method

17.1.2.5 Machine Learning‐Based Methods

17.1.3 Challenges

17.1.3.1 Extraction of the Defect‐Associated Lifetime

17.1.3.2 Temperature Dependencies of Capture Cross Sections

17.1.3.3 Two‐Level (or More) Defects

17.1.4 T‐IDLS Like Measurements

17.1.4.1 Suns‐Voc(T)

17.1.4.2 Investigation of Surface Passivation

17.2 Temperature‐Dependent Photoluminescence Imaging

17.2.1 Photoluminescence Imaging

17.2.2 T‐IDLS Using Photoluminescence Imaging

17.2.3 Spatially Resolved Temperature Coefficients

17.3 Summary

Chapter 18 Advanced Flash Testing in High‐Volume Manufacturing

18.1 Capacitive Devices

18.2 Bifacial Devices

18.3 Aggregate J0s

18.4 Power Loss Analysis

18.5 Conclusion

Chapter 19 Machine Learning for Photovoltaic Applications

19.1 Machine Learning

19.1.1 Types of Machine Learning

19.1.1.1 Supervised Learning

19.1.1.2 Unsupervised Learning

19.1.1.3 Reinforcement Learning

19.1.2 Machine Learning‐based Process Optimization

19.2 Applications of Machine Learning in Photovoltaics

19.2.1 Ingot

19.2.2 Wafer.

19.2.2.1 Process Optimization.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

9781119578826

1119578825

9781119578833

1119578833

OCLC:

1439600903