Smart grid and enabling technologies / Shady S. Refaat, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Omar Ellabban, CSA Catapult Innovation Centre, Newport, UK, Sertac Bayhan, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar, Haitham Abu-Rub, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar, Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, Miroslav M. Begovic, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Refaat, Shady S., author.

Begovic, Miroslav M., 1956- author.

Ellabban, Omar, author.

Blaabjerg, Frede, author.

Bayhan, Sertac, author.

Abu-Rub, Haithem, author.

Series:

IEEE Press

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Smart power grids.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (510 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, [2021]

Summary:

"A "smart grid" is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency resources. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid. Integration of renewable energy resources and energy storage into the smart grid involve many aspects, such as: efficiency, reliability and energy conversion cost, forecasting of energy production capability, safe connection to the electric grid and/or capability to control micro-grids, efficient energy storage with low environmental impact, development of advanced control and monitoring algorithms, and networking of the sources/consumers"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

Preface

List of Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Smart Grid Architecture Overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Fundamentals of a Current Electric Power System

1.2.1 Electrical Power Generation

1.2.2 Electric Power Transmission

1.2.3 Electric Power Distribution

1.3 Limitations of the Traditional Power Grid

1.3.1 Lack of Circuit Capacity and Aging Assets

1.3.2 Operation Constraints

1.3.3 Self-Healing Grid

1.3.4 Respond to National Initiatives

1.4 Smart Grid Definition

1.5 Smart Grid Elements

1.5.1 Distributed Generation

1.5.2 Energy Storage

1.5.3 Demand Response

1.5.4 Integrated Communications

1.5.4.1 Communication Networks

1.5.4.2 Power Line Communication (PLC)

1.5.5 Customer Engagement

1.5.6 Sensors and PMU Units

1.5.7 Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure

1.6 Smart Grid Control

1.7 Smart Grid Characteristics

1.7.1 Flexibility

1.7.2 Improved Efficiency

1.7.3 Smart Transportation

1.7.4 Demand Response Support

1.7.5 Reliability and Power Quality

1.7.6 Market‐Enabling

1.8 Transformation from Traditional Grid to Smart Grid

1.8.1 The Necessity for Paradigm Shift to SG

1.8.2 Basic Stages of the Transformation to SG

1.9 Smart Grid Enabling Technologies

1.9.1 Electrification

1.9.2 Decentralization

1.9.3 Digitalization and Technologies

1.10 Actions for Shifting toward Smart Grid Paradigm

1.10.1 Stages for Grid Modernization

1.10.2 When a Grid Becomes Smart Grid

1.11 Highlights on Smart Grid Benefits

1.12 Smart Grid Challenges

1.12.1 Accessibility and Acceptability

1.12.2 Accountability

1.12.3 Controllability

1.12.4 Interoperability

1.12.5 Interchangeability

1.12.6 Maintainability

1.12.7 Optimality

1.12.8 Security.

1.12.9 Upgradability

1.13 Smart Grid Cost

1.14 Organization of the Book

References

Chapter 2 Renewable Energy: Overview, Opportunities and Challenges

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Description of Renewable Energy Sources

2.2.1 Bioenergy Energy

2.2.2 Geothermal Energy

2.2.3 Hydropower Energy

2.2.4 Marine Energy

2.2.5 Solar Energy

2.2.5.1 Photovoltaic

2.2.5.2 Concentrated Solar Power

2.2.5.3 Solar Thermal Heating and Cooling

2.2.6 Wind Energy

2.3 Renewable Energy: Growth, Investment, Benefits and Deployment

2.4 Smart Grid Enable Renewables

2.5 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Power Electronics Converters for Distributed Generation

3.1 An Overview of Distributed Generation Systems with Power Electronics

3.1.1 Photovoltaic Technology

3.1.2 Wind Power Technology

3.1.3 Energy Storage Systems

3.2 Power Electronics for Grid-Connected AC Smart Grid

3.2.1 Voltage-Source Converters

3.2.1.1 Synchronous Reference Frame

3.2.1.2 Stationary Reference Frame

3.2.1.3 Grid Synchronization

3.2.1.4 Virtual Synchronous Generator Operation

3.2.2 Multilevel Power Converters

3.3 Power Electronics Enabled Autonomous AC Power Systems

3.3.1 Converter Level Controls in Microgrids

3.3.1.1 Master-slave Operation

3.3.1.2 f-P and V-Q Droops

3.3.1.3 V-P and f-Q Droops

3.3.1.4 Virtual Impedance Enabled Control

3.3.2 System Level Coordination Control

3.4 Power Electronics Enabled Autonomous DC Power Systems

3.4.1 Converter Level Controls

3.4.1.1 V-P and V-I Droop Control

3.4.1.2 Virtual Impedance Enabled Control

3.4.1.3 Extended Droop Control

3.4.1.4 Adaptative Droop Control in DC Microgrids

3.4.2 System Level Coordination Control

3.4.2.1 Centralized Control Scheme

3.4.2.2 Distributed Control Scheme

3.5 Conclusion

References.

Chapter 4 Energy Storage Systems as an Enabling Technology for the Smart Grid

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Structure of Energy Storage System

4.3 Energy Storage Systems Classification and Description

4.4 Current State of Energy Storage Technologies

4.5 Techno-Economic Characteristics of Energy Storage Systems

4.6 Selection of Energy Storage Technology for Certain Application

4.7 Energy Storage Applications

4.8 Barriers to the Deployment of Energy Storage

4.9 Energy Storage Roadmap

4.10 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

5.1 Introduction

5.2 DC Versus AC Microgrid

5.2.1 LVAC and LVDC Networks

5.2.2 AC Microgrid

5.2.3 DC Microgrid

5.3 Microgrid Design

5.3.1 Methodology for the Microgrid Design

5.3.2 Design Considerations

5.4 Microgrid Control

5.4.1 Primary Control Level

5.4.1.1 Droop-Based Control

5.4.1.2 Communication-Based Control

5.4.2 Secondary Control Level

5.4.3 Tertiary Control Level

5.5 Microgrid Economics

5.5.1 Capacity Planning

5.5.2 Operations Modeling

5.5.3 Financial Modeling

5.5.4 Barriers to Realizing Microgrids

5.6 Operation of Multi-Microgrids

5.7 Microgrid Benefits

5.7.1 Economic Benefits

5.7.2 Technical Benefits

5.7.3 Environmental Benefits

5.8 Challenges

5.9 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Smart Transportation

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Electric Vehicle Topologies

6.2.1 Battery EVs

6.2.2 Plug-in Hybrid EVs

6.2.3 Hybrid EVs

6.2.4 Fuel-Cell EVs

6.3 Powertrain Architectures

6.3.1 Series HEV Architecture

6.3.2 Parallel HEV Architecture

6.3.3 Series-Parallel HEV Architecture

6.4 Battery Technology

6.4.1 Battery Parameters

6.4.2 Common Battery Chemistries

6.5 Battery Charger Technology

6.5.1 Charging Rates and Options

6.5.2 Wireless Charging.

6.6 Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Concept

6.6.1 Unidirectional V2G

6.6.2 Bidirectional V2G

6.7 Barriers to EV Adoption

6.7.1 Technological Problems

6.7.2 Social Problems

6.7.3 Economic Problems

6.8 Trends and Future Developments

6.9 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Net Zero Energy Buildings

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Net Zero Energy Building Definition

7.3 Net Zero Energy Building Design

7.4 Net Zero Energy Building: Modeling, Controlling and Optimization

7.5 Net Zero Energy Community

7.6 Net Zero Energy Building: Trends, Benefits, Barriers and Efficiency Investments

7.7 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Smart Grid Communication Infrastructures

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Advanced Metering Infrastructure

8.3 Smart Grid Communications

8.3.1 Challenges of SG Communications

8.3.2 Requirements of SG Communications

8.3.3 Architecture of SG Communication

8.3.4 SG Communication Technologies

8.4 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Smart Grid Information Security

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Smart Grid Layers

9.2.1 The Power System Layer

9.2.2 The Information Layer

9.2.3 The Communication Layer

9.3 Attacking Smart Grid Network Communication

9.3.1 Physical Layer Attacks

9.3.2 Data Injection and Replay Attacks

9.3.3 Network-Based Attacks

9.4 Design of Cyber Secure and Resilient Industrial Control Systems

9.4.1 Resilient Industrial Control Systems

9.4.2 Areas of Resilience

9.4.2.1 Human Systems

9.4.2.2 Cyber Security

9.4.2.3 Complex Networks and Networked Control Systems

9.5 Cyber Security Challenges in Smart Grid

9.6 Adopting an Smart Grid Security Architecture Methodology

9.6.1 SG Security Objectives

9.6.2 Cyber Security Requirements

9.6.2.1 Attack Detection and Resilience Operations

9.6.2.2 Identification, and Access Control.

9.6.2.3 Secure and Efficient Communication Protocols

9.7 Validating Your Smart Grid

9.8 Threats and Impacts: Consumers and Utility Companies

9.9 Governmental Effort to Secure Smart Grids

9.10 Conclusion

Chapter 10 Data Management in Smart Grid

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Sources of Data in Smart Grid

10.3 Big Data Era

10.4 Tools to Manage Big Data

10.4.1 Apache Hadoop

10.4.2 Not Only SQL (NoSQL)

10.4.3 Microsoft HDInsight

10.4.4 Hadoop MapReduce

10.4.5 Cassandra

10.4.6 Storm

10.4.7 Hive

10.4.8 Plotly

10.4.9 Talend

10.4.10 Bokeh

10.4.11 Cloudera

10.5 Big Data Integration, Frameworks, and Data Bases

10.6 Building the Foundation for Big Data Processing

10.6.1 Big Data Management Platform

10.6.1.1 Acquisition and Recording

10.6.1.2 Extraction, Cleaning, and Prediction

10.6.1.3 Big Data Integration

10.6.2 Big Data Analytics Platform

10.6.2.1 Modeling and Analysis

10.6.2.2 Interpretation

10.7 Transforming Big Data for High Value Action

10.7.1 Decide What to Produce

10.7.2 Source the Raw Materials

10.7.3 Produce Insights with Speed

10.7.4 Deliver the Goods and Act

10.8 Privacy Information Impacts on Smart Grid

10.9 Meter Data Management for Smart Grid

10.10 Summary

Chapter 11 Demand-Management

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Demand Response

11.3 Demand Response Programs

11.3.1 Load-Response Programs

11.3.2 Price Response Programs

11.4 End-User Engagement

11.5 Challenges of DR within Smart Grid

11.6 Demand-Side Management

11.7 DSM Techniques

11.8 DSM Evaluation

11.9 Demand Response Applications

11.10 Summary

Chapter 12 Business Models for the Smart Grid

12.1 The Business Model Concept

12.2 The Electricity Value Chain

12.3 Electricity Markets.

12.4 Review of the Previous Proposed Smart Grid Business Models.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119422457

1119422450

9781119422464

1119422469

9781119422433

1119422434

OCLC:

1263024894