Electrical safety engineering of renewable energy systems / Rodolfo Araneo, Massimo Mitolo.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Araneo, Rodolfo, author.

Series:

IEEE Press

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electric apparatus and appliances--Safety measures.

Electric apparatus and appliances.

Renewable energy sources--Safety measures.

Renewable energy sources.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (302 pages)

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, [2022]

Summary:

Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems A reference to designing and developing electrical systems connected to renewable energies Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems is an authoritative text that offers an in-depth exploration to the safety challenges of renewable systems. The authors-noted experts on the topic-cover a wide-range of renewable systems including photovoltaic, wind, and cogeneration and propose a safety-by-design approach. The book clearly illustrates safe behavior in complex real-world renewable energy systems using practical approaches. The book contains a review of the foundational electrical engineering topics and highlights how safety engineering links to the renewable energies. Designed as an accessible resource, the text discusses the most relevant and current topics supported by rigorous analytical, theoretical and numerical analyses. The authors also provide guidelines for readers interested in practical applications. This important book: * Reviews of the major electrical engineering topics * Shows how safety engineering links to the renewable energies * Discusses the most relevant current topics in the field * Provides solid theoretical and numerical explanations Written for students and professional electrical engineers, Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems explores the safety challenges of renewable systems and proposes a safety-by-design approach, which is currently missing in current literature.

Contents:

Intro

Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Fundamental Concepts of Electrical Safety Engineering

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Electric Shock

1.2.1 Ventricular Fibrillation

1.2.2 The Heart-current Factor

1.3 The Electrical Impedance of the Human Body

1.3.1 The Internal Resistance of the Human Body

1.4 Thermal Shock

1.5 Heated Surfaces of Electrical Equipment and Contact Burn Injuries

1.6 Ground-Potential and Ground-Resistance

1.6.1 Area of Influence of a Ground-electrode

1.7 Hemispherical Electrodes in Parallel

1.8 Hemispherical Electrodes in Series

1.9 Person's Body Resistance-to-ground and Touch Voltages

1.10 Identification of Extraneous-Conductive-Parts

1.11 Measuring Touch Voltages

2 Safety-by-Design Approach in AC/DC Systems

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Class I PV Equipment

2.3 Class II PV Equipment

2.4 Ground Faults and Ground Fault Protection

2.5 Functionally Grounded PV Systems

2.6 Non-Ground-Referenced PV Systems

2.7 Ground-Referenced PV Systems

2.8 Fire Hazard in Ground-Referenced PV Systems

2.9 Faults at Loads Downstream the PV Inverter in Ground-referenced PV Systems

2.10 Non-Electrically Separated PV System

2.11 PV Systems Wiring Methods and Safety

2.12 d.c. Currents and Safety

2.13 Electrical Safety of PV Systems

2.14 Rapid-Shutdown of PV Arrays on Buildings

2.15 Hazard and Risk

3 Grounding and Bonding

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Basic Concepts of Grounding Systems: The Ground Rod

3.3 The Maxwell Method

3.4 Multiple Rods: Mutual Resistance

3.5 Ground Rings and Ground Grid

3.6 Complex Arrangements: Rings and Ground Grids Combined with Rods and Horizontal Electrodes

4 Lightning Protection Systems

4.1 Review of Natural Lightning Physics, Modeling and Protection.

4.2 Lightning Protection of PV Systems

4.2.1 Ground-Mounted PV Systems

4.2.2 Rooftop Mounted PV Systems

4.2.3 Protection against Overvoltage

4.2.4 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)

4.3 Lighting Protection of Wind Turbines

4.3.1 Lightning Protection System (LPS)

4.3.2 Step and Touch Voltages

4.3.3 Lightning Exposure Assessment

4.3.4 Assessment of the Average Annual Number of Dangerous Events NL Due to Flashes Directly to and near Service Cables

4.3.5 Lightning Protection Zones

4.4 High-Frequency Grounding Systems

4.4.1 Arrangement of Ground Electrodes

4.4.2 Effective Length of a Ground Electrode

4.4.3 Frequency-dependent Soil and Ionization

5 Renewable Energy System Protection and Coordination

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Power Collection Systems

5.3 Cable Connections

5.4 Offshore Wind Farm

5.5 Distributed Energy Resources: Battery Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles

6 Soil Resistivity Measurements and Ground Resistance

6.1 Soil Resistivity Measurements

6.2 Wenner Method

6.3 Schlumberger Method

6.4 Multi-layer Soils

6.4.1 Ground Grid in Multi-layer Soil

6.4.2 Ground Rod in Multi-layer Soil

6.5 Fall-of-Potential Method for Ground Resistance Measurement

6.6 Slope Method for Grounding Resistance Measurement

6.7 Star-delta Method for Grounding Resistance Measurement

6.8 Four Potential Method for Grounding Resistance Measurement

6.9 Potentiometer Method for Grounding Resistance Measurement

Appendix 1: Performance of Grounding Systems in Transient Conditions

1 Grounding System Analysis

2 Mathematical Model

3 Computation of Impedances

4 Green's Function

4.1 Static Formulation

4.1.1 One-Layer Ground

4.1.2 Two-Layer Ground

4.2 Dynamic Formulation

4.2.1 Equivalent Transmission Line Approach

5 Numerical Integration Aspects.

5.1 Singular Term

5.2 Sommerfeld Integrals

Appendix 2: Cable Failures in Renewable Energy Systems

1 Cable Failures in Renewable Energy Systems: Introduction

2 Possible Solutions

2.1 Optimal Solutions

2.2 Termite Attacks Prevention

3 Non-destructive Methods for Cable Testing and Fault-locating

3.1 Insulation Resistance (IR) Test

3.1.1 IR Measurement of the Cable Insulation (XLPE)

3.1.2 IR Measurement of the Polyethylene (PE) Cable Jacket

3.2 High-Potential Test

3.3 LCR Test

3.3.1 Insulation Resistance (IR)

3.3.2 Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR)

3.3.3 Polarization Index (PI)

3.3.4 Quality Factor (Q)

3.3.5 Dissipation Factor (DF)

3.3.6 Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Test

3.3.7 Arc Reflection (ARC) Test

3.3.8 Bridge Methods

3.4 Cable Fault Analysis

3.4.1 Prelocation

3.4.2 Pinpointing

4 Sheath and Jacket Repairs

5 Termite Baiting Stations and Monitoring

6 Termite-proof Cables

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119625018

1119625017

9781119625056

111962505X

9781119624998

1119624991

OCLC:

1285168413