Inflammation and the microcirculation / D. Neil Granger, Elena Senchenkova.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Granger, D. Neil.

Contributor:

Senchenkova, Elena.

Series:

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; #8.

Integrated systems physiology : from molecule to function, 2154-560X ; bk. #8

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Microcirculation.

Inflammation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (98 p.)

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, Calif.?] : Morgan & Claypool, 2010.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The microcirculation is highly responsive to, and a vital participant in, the inflammatory response. All segments of the microvasculature (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) exhibit characteristic phenotypic changes during inflammation that appear to be directed toward enhancing the delivery of inflammatory cells to the injured/infected tissue, isolating the region from healthy tissue and the systemic circulation, and setting the stage for tissue repair and regeneration. The best characterized responses of the microcirculation to inflammation include impaired vasomotor function, reduced capillary perfusion, adhesion of leukocytes and platelets, activation of the coagulation cascade, and enhanced thrombosis, increased vascular permeability, and an increase in the rate of proliferation of blood and lymphatic vessels. A variety of cells that normally circulate in blood (leukocytes, platelets) or reside within the vessel wall (endothelial cells, pericytes) or in the perivascular space (mast cells, macrophages) are activated in response to inflammation. The activation products and chemical mediators released from these cells act through different well-characterized signaling pathways to induce the phenotypic changes in microvessel function that accompany inflammation. Drugs that target a specific microvascular response to inflammation, such as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion or angiogenesis, have shown promise in both the preclinical and clinical studies of inflammatory disease. Future research efforts in this area will likely identify new avenues for therapeutic intervention in inflammation.

Contents:

1. Introduction

2. Historical perspectives

3. Anatomical considerations

Microvascular unit

Arterioles

Capillaries

Venules

Vessel wall components

Endothelial cells

Vascular smooth muscle

Pericytes

Perivascular auxiliary cells

Mast cells

Macrophages

Fibroblasts

4. Impaired vasomotor responses

Blood flow changes

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation

5. Capillary perfusion

6. Angiogenesis

Relevance to inflammation

Mediators of the angiogenic response

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor

Cytokines and chemokines

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Lymphangiogenesis

7. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion

Adhesion molecules

Intraorgan heterogeneity of adhesion

Selectins

Endothelial cells immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules

Leukocyte integrins

Chemical mediators

Pro-adhesive mediators

Anti-adhesive mediators

Role of hydrodynamic forces

Cytotoxicity of adherent leukocytes

8. Platelet-vessel wall interactions

Platelet activation: mechanisms and consequences

Platelet-endothelial adhesion

Platelet-leukocyte adhesion

Platelet-leukocyte aggregates

9. Coagulation and thrombosis

Interdependence of coagulation and inflammation

Inflammation-induced microvascular thrombosis: site-specific responses

Chemical mediators of inflammation-enhanced thrombosis

10. Endothelial barrier dysfunction

Site of inflammation-induced barrier failure

Role of circulating blood cells

Leukocytes

Platelets

Role of perivascular cells

Epilogue

References.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Series from website.

Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 14, 2010).

Includes bibliographical references.

Cited in:

Google scholar

Google book search

ISBN:

1-61504-166-4

OCLC:

698212843