Regulation of endothelial barrier function / Sarah Y. Yuan and Robert R. Rigor.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Yuan, Sarah Y.

Contributor:

Rigor, Robert R.

Series:

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; #13.

Integrated systems physiology : from molecule to function to disease, 2154-560X ; bk. #13

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Vascular endothelium.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (158 p.)

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, Calif.?] : Morgan & Claypool, 2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood-tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.

Contents:

1. Introduction

2. Structure and function of exchange microvessels

Microvascular blood-tissue exchange

Physical forces governing fluid filtration

Solute transport across the microvascular wall

Convection vs. diffusion

The capillary pore theory

Physiological factors affecting fluid/solute flux

Hemodynamics

Lymphatic drainage

Endothelial barrier properties

Leukocytes and endothelial barriers

3. Methods for measuring permeability

Analysis of fluid filtration (Kf )

Measuring Kf in intact tissues

Analysis of hydraulic conductivity (Lp)

Measuring Lp with colorimetric dyes

Analysis of solute permeability coefficient (Ps)

The isolated, perfused microvessel technique

Analysis of the osmotic reflection coefficient ([sigma])

General indicators of plasma extravasation

Intravital microscopic measurement of transvascular flux

Assessment of barrier function in cultured endothelial cells

Transwell solute flux assays

Transendothelial electrical resistance measurements

4. The endothelial barrier

Transcellular permeability: vesicular transcytosis

Paracellular permeability: cell-cell junctions

Adherens junctions

Tight junctions

Extracellular barriers: focal adhesions

The endothelial cytoskeleton

Microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Actin filaments

Actomyosin contractile machinery

5. Signaling mechanisms in the regulation of endothelial permeability

Initiation of signaling: endothelial receptors

Receptor tyrosine kinases

G-protein-coupled receptors

Integrin receptors

Intracellular signal transduction: second messengers

Calcium

Camp

No-CGMP

Protein kinases and phosphatases

Myosin light-chain kinase

Myosin light-chain phosphatase

Src family kinases

Protein kinase C

Focal adhesion kinase

Small GTPases

Proteases and the extracellular matrix

MMPs

ADAMs

Fibrinogen

6. Endothelial barrier protectors

Phospholipids

Sphingosine-1-phosphate

Activated protein C

Angiopoietins

7. Pathophysiology and clinical relevance

Burn edema

ALI/ARDS and sepsis

Ischemia-reperfusion injury

Diabetes mellitus

Tumor angiogenesis and metastatic migration

Conclusion

References.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Series from website.

Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on February 20, 2011).

Includes bibliographical references.

Cited in:

Google scholar

Google book search

ISBN:

1-61504-121-4

OCLC:

699498583