Regulation of tissue oxygenation / Roland N. Pittman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pittman, Roland N.

Series:

Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, from molecule to function, 2154-5626 ; # 17.

Colloquium series in integrated systems physiology, from molecule to function, 2154-5626 ; # 17

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Oxygen--Physiological transport.

Oxygen.

Tissue metabolism.

Oxygen Consumption.

Medical Subjects:

Oxygen Consumption.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (102 p.)

Place of Publication:

San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan & Claypool, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 in their vicinity falls to a critical level of about 1 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2. In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system . including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Contents:

Introduction

The circulatory system and oxygen transport

Design of the cardiovascular system

Hemodynamics

Flow of blood through single vessels

Structure and function of the microcirculation

Transcapillary exchange of solutes

Regulation of blood flow

Local regulation of blood flow

Mechanisms of local regulation

Myogenic mechanism

Metabolic mechanism

Other oxygen-linked mechanisms of flow regulation

Propagated vasomotor responses

The respiratory system and oxygen transport

Physical chemistry of respiratory gases

Gas laws

Properties of gases in liquids: Henry's law

Forms in which gases are carried

Oxygen transport

Gas exchange and diffusion

Overall gas exchange

Diffusion

Fick's law of diffusion

Summary of diffusion properties

Gas exchange limited by diffusion and perfusion

Oxygen in the blood

Blood: plasma and red blood cells

Hemoglobin (heme + globin)

Binding of oxygen to hemoglobin: oxygen saturation (dissociation) curve

Allosteric effectors of oxygen binding to hemoglobin

Overall oxygen transport

Carboxyhemoglobin

Artificial oxygen carriers

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Perfluorocarbon emulsions

Chemical regulation of respiration

Response to altered oxygen

Central and peripheral respiratory chemoreceptors

Tissue gas transport

Utilization of oxygen by tissues

Mitochondria

Role of nitric oxide

Role of myoglobin in striated muscle

Oxygen transport in the microcirculation

Longitudinal (axial) profile of oxygen in arterioles

Longitudinal (axial) profile of oxygen in a capillary

Tissue oxygen transport: Krogh cylinder model

Oxygen transport in normal and pathological situations

Defects and compensations

Description of oxygen transport using Fick's principle

Stagnant hypoxia (hypoperfusion)

Hypoxic hypoxia

Anemic hypoxia

Histotoxic hypoxia

Summary of hypoxic conditions and responses

Matching oxygen supply to oxygen demand

Fick's principle

Convective vs diffusive oxygen transport

Matching oxygen supply to oxygen demand: role of arterioles and capillaries

Oxygen profile along a capillary: mass balance

Heterogeneity of blood flow and oxygen delivery

Exercise and hemorrhage

Exercise

Fick's principle in exercise

Temporal phases of exercise

Microvascular approach to oxygen transport during

Muscle contraction

Limited oxygen release from red blood cells, effect of transit time

Hemorrhage

Fick's principle in hemorrhage

Compensatory mechanisms in hemorrhage

Measurement of oxygen

Oxygen tension (Po2)

Polarographic electrodes

Phosphorescence quenching microscopy

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (So2)

Spectrophotometry of hemoglobin

Resonance raman spectroscopy of hemoglobin

Summary

References

Author biography.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Series from website.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-88).

Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on April 21, 2011).

Cited in:

Google scholar

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ISBN:

1-61504-178-8

OCLC:

712606903