Motor function of the pharynx, esophagus, and its sphincters / Ravinder Mittal.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mittal, Ravinder.

Series:

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; #16.

Integrated systems physiology : from molecule to function to disease, 2154-560X ; lecture #16

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pharynx.

Sphincters.

Pharyngoesophageal sphincter.

Esophagogastric junction.

Esophagus.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (86 p.)

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, Calif.?] : Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, 2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Deglutition or a swallow begins as a voluntary act in the oral cavity but proceeds autonomously in the pharynx and esophagus. Bilateral sequenced activation and inhibition of more than 25 pairs of muscles of mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus is required during a swallow. A single swallow elicits peristalsis in the pharynx and esophagus along with relaxation of upper and lower esophageal sphincters. Multiple swallows, at closely spaced time intervals, demonstrate deglutitive inhibition; sphincters remain relaxed during the entire period, but only the last swallow elicits peristalsis. Laryngeal inlet closure or airway protection is very important during swallow. Upper part of the esophagus that includes upper esophageal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscles, middle esophagus is composed of a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscles, and lower esophagus, including lower esophageal sphincter, is composed of smooth muscles. Peristalsis progresses in seamless fashion, despite separate control mechanism, from the skeletal to smooth muscle esophagus. The esophagus's circular and longitudinal muscle layers contract synchronously during peristalsis. Sphincters maintain continuous tone; neuromuscular mechanisms for tonic closure in the upper and lower esophageal sphincters are different. Lower esophageal sphincter transient relaxation, belching mechanism, regurgitation, vomiting, and reflux are mediated via the brain stem.

Contents:

Introduction

Central program generator and brain stem

Pharynx, anatomy, neural innervation, and motor pattern

Upper esophageal sphincter

Neuromuscular anatomy of esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter

Extrinsic innervation: parasympathetic and sympathetic

Sympathetic/spinal/splanchnic nervous system

Intrinsic innervations of the LES and esophagus

Interstitial cells of Cajal

Recording techniques

Motor patterns of the esophagus, aboral and oral transport

Circular muscle contraction

Deglutitive inhibition and muscle refractoriness

Peristalsis in the circular and longitudinal muscles of the esophagus

Neural and myogenic mechanism of peristalsis

Central mechanism of peristalsis, cortical and brain stem control

Peripheral mechanisms of peristalsis

Central versus peripheral mechanism of deglutitive inhibition

Neural control of longitudinal muscle contraction

Modulation of primary and secondary peristalsis

Neural control of lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm

Lower esophageal sphincter

Swallow-induced LES relaxation

Crural diaphragm contribution to EGJ and neural control

Transient LES relaxation and pharmacological inhibition

Compliance of the EGJ

References.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Series from website.

Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on April 21, 2011).

Includes bibliographical references.

Cited in:

Google scholar

Google book search

ISBN:

1-61504-334-9

OCLC:

712601896