A Shot at Economic Prosperity: Long-term Effects of India's Childhood Immunization Program on Earnings and Consumption Expenditure / Amit Summan, Arindam Nandi, David E. Bloom.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Summan, Amit.

Contributor:

National Bureau of Economic Research.

Nandi, Arindam.

Bloom, David E.

Series:

Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) no. w30173.

NBER working paper series no. w30173

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource: illustrations (black and white);

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research 2022.

Summary:

Routine childhood vaccinations are among the most cost-effective child health interventions. In recent years, the broader benefits of vaccines, which include improved cognitive and schooling outcomes, have also been established. This paper evaluates the long-term economic benefits of India's national program of childhood vaccinations, known as the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). We combine individual-level data from the 68th round of the National Sample Survey of India (2011-2012) with district-wise data on the rollout of UIP from 1985 to1990. We employ age-district fixed effects regression models to compare the earnings and per capita household consumer spending of 21- to 26-year-old adults who were born in UIP-covered districts vis-à-vis non-UIP districts between 1985 and 1990. We find that exposure to UIP in infancy increases weekly wages by 13.8% (95% CI: 7.6% to 20.3%, p<0.01) and monthly per capita household consumption expenditure by 2.9% (95% CI: 0.7% to 5.0%, p<0.01). Program exposure also reduces the probability that an individual's household relies on agriculture as the main source of income by 1.9% (95% CI: 0.0% to 3.5%, p<0.01). The findings are robust to several specifications including varying study duration and accounting for potential migration. The effects vary by sex, location, and caste group.

Notes:

Print version record

June 2022.