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Inclusion and Democratization Through Web3 and DeFi? Initial Evidence from the Ethereum Ecosystem / Lin William Cong, Ke Tang, Yanxin Wang, Xi Zhao.

NBER Working papers Available online

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Format:
Book
Author/Creator:
Cong, Lin William.
Contributor:
National Bureau of Economic Research.
Tang, Ke.
Wang, Yanxin.
Zhao, Xi.
Series:
Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) no. w30949.
NBER working paper series no. w30949
Language:
English
Physical Description:
1 online resource: illustrations (black and white);
Place of Publication:
Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research 2023.
Summary:
Web3 and DeFi are widely advocated as innovations for greater financial inclusion and democratization. We assemble the most comprehensive dataset to date on the largest Web3 ecosystem and use large-scale computing to conduct an initial investigation. We describe Ethereum's network structure, time trends, and distributions of transactions, mining, and ownership. Mining income and Ether ownership are concentrated in exchanges and a few individual nodes. Network activities evolve from peer-to-peer to user-DApps/DeFi interactions, with significantly more transactions by large players. Moreover, high percentage transaction fees, congestion-induced fluctuation of gas prices, suboptimal reserve setting, and large return volatility of tokens present particular challenges for small, poor, unsophisticated, and new nodes, not to mention that the high failure rates hurt all users. Finally, we present suggestive causal evidence that base-fee burning mechanisms (e.g., EIP-1559) and airdrop programs (e.g., OmiseGo Airdrop) facilitate inclusion through token monetary redistribution.
Notes:
Print version record
February 2023.

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