A Cautionary Tale of Evaluating Identifying Assumptions: Did Reality TV Really Cause a Decline in Teenage Childbearing? / David A. Jaeger, Theodore J. Joyce, Robert Kaestner.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Jaeger, David A.

Contributor:

National Bureau of Economic Research.

Joyce, Theodore J.

Kaestner, Robert.

Series:

Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) no. w24856.

NBER working paper series no. w24856

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource: illustrations (black and white);

Other Title:

Cautionary Tale of Evaluating Identifying Assumptions

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research 2018.

Summary:

Evaluating policy changes that occur everywhere at the same time is difficult because of the lack of a clear counterfactual. Hoping to address this problem, researchers often proxy for differential exposure using some observed characteristic in the pre-treatment period. As a cautionary tale of how difficult identification is in such settings, we re-examine the results of an influential paper by Melissa Kearney and Phillip Levine, who found that the MTV program 16 and Pregnant had a substantial impact on teen birth rates. In what amounts to a difference-in-differences approach, they use the pre-treatment levels of MTV viewership across media markets as an instrument. We show that controlling for differential time trends in birth rates by a market's pre-treatment racial/ethnic composition or unemployment rate causes Kearney and Levine's results to disappear, invalidating the parallel trends assumption necessary for a causal interpretation. Extending the pre-treatment period and estimating placebo tests, we find evidence of an "effect" long before 16 and Pregnant started broadcasting. Our results highlight the difficulty of drawing causal inferences from national point-in-time policy changes.

Notes:

Print version record

July 2018.