Taxing Wages 2022. Impact of Covid-19 on the tax wedge in OECD countries

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

OECD.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, author, issuing body.

Series:

Taxing Wages

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Taxation.

Tax administration and procedure.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (674 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2022.

Summary:

This annual publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries. It covers personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by workers. Taxing Wages 2022 includes a special feature entitled: "Impact of COVID-19 on the Tax Wedge in OECD countries".

Contents:

Intro

Foreword

Table of contents

Executive Summary

Key findings

The average tax wedge for single workers increased in the majority of countries in 2021

The average tax wedge for households with children varied across the OECD in 2021

The impact of COVID-19 on the tax wedge in OECD countries (Special Feature)

Notes

Part I Tax burden comparisons and trends

Part I Tax burdencomparisons and trends

1 Overview

Introduction

Taxation of single workers

Tax wedge

Personal average tax rates

Single versus one-earner couple taxpayers

Taxation of two-earner couples

Wages

References

2 Special feature: Impact of COVID-19 on the tax wedge in OECD countries

The impact of the pandemic on labour taxation and wages

The policy response to COVID-19 in 2020-21

Average wage trends during the pandemic and since 2001

Comparing changes to the tax wedge and average wages

Changes to the tax wedge between 2019 and 2021

Changes to the tax wedge since 2000

Changes to the level of the tax wedge

Changes to the composition of the tax wedge

Conclusion

3 2021 tax burdens

Average tax burdens

Marginal tax burdens

4 Graphical exposition of the 2021 tax burden

5 2020 tax burdens (and changes to 2021)

6 Evolution of the tax burden (2000-21)

Key trends between 2000 and 2021

Average personal income tax rate

Net personal average tax rate

Progressivity

Families

Tables showing the income taxes, social security contributions and cash benefits

Note

Part II Country details, 2021

Part II Country details,2021

Australia (2020-2021 Income tax year)

1. Personal income tax system

1.1. Federal income tax

1.1.1. Tax unit.

1.1.2. Tax allowances and credits

1.1.2.1. Standard tax reliefs

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an average worker include:

1.1.3. Tax schedule

1.2. State and local income taxes

2. Social security contributions

2.1. Employees' contributions

2.2. Employers' contributions

3. Other taxes

3.1. Pay-roll tax

4. Universal cash transfers

4.1. Transfers related to marital status

4.2. Transfers related to dependent children

4.3. Other transfers

5. Recent changes in the tax/benefit system

5.1. Changes to labour taxation due to the COVID pandemic in 2020 and 2021

6. Memorandum items

6.1. Identification of an average worker

6.2. Employers' contribution to private health and pension scheme

Austria

1. Personal Income Tax

1.1. Central government income tax

1.1.1. Tax unit

1.1.2. Tax allowances

1.1.2.2. Non-standard tax reliefs

1.1.3. Rate Schedule

1.1.4. Tax credits

1.1.4.1. Standard tax credits:

1.1.4.2 Non-standard tax credit

2. Compulsory Social Security Contributions to Schemes Operated within the Government Sector

2.1. Employee and Employer Social Security Contributions

2.2. Payroll taxes

3. Universal Cash Transfers

3.1. Transfers related to marital status

3.2. Transfers for dependent children

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems Since 2004

4.1. Changes to labour taxation due to the COVID pandemic in 2020 and 2021

5. Memorandum Items

5.1. Calculation of Earnings Data

Belgium

1.1. Federal government income tax

1.1.1.1. Schedule

1.1.2.1. Deduction of social security contributions

1.1.2.2. Work-related expenses.

1.1.2.3. Non-earning spouse allowance (quotient conjugal)

1.1.2.4. Exempt income

1.1.2.5. Schedule

1.2. Regional and local government taxes

1.3. Tax credits

2. Compulsory social security contributions to schemes operated within the government sector

2.1. Rates and ceiling

2.2. Deductions according to family status or gender

3. Universal cash transfers

3.1. New regional system - Brussels-Capital region

3.2. Old system

4. Main changes in the tax/benefit system since 2016

5.1. Identification of AW and valuation of earnings

Canada

1. Personal Income Tax Systems

1.1. Central/federal government income taxes

1.1.2. Tax allowances and credits

1.1.2.1. Standard reliefs

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an average worker:

1.2.1. General description

1.2.2. Tax regime selected for this study

2. Compulsory Social Security Contributions to Schemes Operated Within the Government Sector

2.1.1. Pensions

2.1.2. Sickness

2.1.3. Unemployment

2.1.4. Work injury

2.2.1. Pensions

2.2.2. Sickness

2.2.3. Unemployment

2.2.4. Work injury

3.2.1. Federal

3.2.2. Provincial

4. Main changes in the Tax/Benefit system since 2009

4.1.1. CCB: extra payments

4.1.2. GST credit: one-time supplementary payment and extending benefit payments

4.2. Identification of an Average Worker.

4.3. Employer contributions to private health and pension schemes

Chile

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs

3.1. Marital status-related transfers

3.2. Transfers related to dependent children

3.3. Income Tested Transfers

3.4. Universal Transfers

4. Recent changes in the tax/benefit system

5. Memorandum items

5.1. Identification of an average worker

5.2. Employers' contribution to private health and pension schemes

Colombia

1.1.2.2 Main non-standard tax reliefs

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems Since 2019

5.1. Identification of an average worker and calculation of earnings

Costa Rica

1. Personal income tax system.

1.1. Central government income tax

1.1.2. Tax allowances and tax credits

1.1.2.1. Standard tax allowances and tax credits

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax allowances and tax credits

1.2. State and local taxes

2.1. Employee contributions

2.2. Employer contributions

Czech Republic

1. Personal Income Tax System

1.1. Central government income taxes

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an AW

1.1.2.3. Tax schedule

1.1.2.4. Tax credits

1.2. State and local income tax

3.3. Additional transfers

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems since 2021

5.2. Employers' contributions to private pension, health and related schemes

Denmark

1.1. Tax allowances and tax credits

1.1.1. Standard reliefs

1.1.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an AW

1.1.3. Tax credits.

1.2. Central government income taxes.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-41809-1

92-64-92138-9