A Territorial Approach to Climate Action and Resilience.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

OECD, author, issuing body.

Series:

OECD Regional Development Studies

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Urban development.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (216 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2023.

Summary:

Building on broader OECD work on climate, this report proposes a new OECD territorial climate indicator framework and demonstrates that the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to climate impacts and address vulnerabilities vary across different territories, by using a new OECD territorial climate indicator framework.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations and acronyms

Executive summary

Key findings

Recommended actions

1 Why adopt a territorial approach to climate action and resilience?

The climate emergency has complex and place-specific impacts

The current state of global warming

Complex climate impacts across economic and social systems

Climate impacts hit differently across places and people

Governments at all levels are facing challenges in transitioning towards net zero and enhancing climate resilience

Challenges for national governments

Challenges for cities and regions

Definition and potential benefits of a territorial approach to climate action and resilience

Definition

How can a territorial approach respond to climate challenges?

The OECD's ongoing initiatives related to a territorial approach to climate action and resilience

References

Notes

2 Introducing the OECD territorial climate indicator framework

Introduction: Why measure local climate action?

Taking stock of existing climate-related indicator initiatives

Existing initiatives measuring local climate action

Existing climate-related indicator frameworks developed by the OECD

Overview of the OECD territorial climate indicator framework

A "pressure-state-response" approach

International comparability across territorial scales

Compatibility with existing OECD climate-related indicator frameworks

Measuring the distance of cities and regions to achieving global and national targets

Indicators in detail: Relevance, data sources and reference points

Climate mitigation indicators

GHG emissions (Indicators 1 to 5)

Energy (Indicators 6 to 9)

Industry (Indicators 4 and 10)

Buildings (Indicators 4 and 14)

Transport (Indicators 11 to 13).

Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) (Indicators 15 to 17)

Waste (Indicators 18 to 19)

Climate adaptation and resilience indicators

Temperature trends, heat and cold (Indicators 20 to 25)

Wildfires (Indicators 26 to 28)

River and coastal flooding (Indicators 29 to 30)

Droughts (Indicator 31)

Precipitation (Indicators 32 to 33)

Socio-economic indicators driving vulnerability (Indicators 35 to 39)

Actions and opportunities indicators

Existence of subnational climate mitigation and adaptation targets and compliance with national targets (Indicator 40)

Citizens' satisfaction with efforts to preserve the environment (Indicator 41)

Green areas in cities (Indicator 42)

Climate-significant expenditure and investment (Indicator 43)

The existence of climate-related funds, grants and subsidies for subnational action (Indicator 44)

Climate-related innovation (Indicator 45)

Conclusions

Annex 2.A. Complete list of territorial climate indicators and reference points

3 Analysing local greenhouse gas emissions, climate impacts and vulnerabilities across OECD countries: Key findings

Introduction: Applying the OECD territorial climate indicator framework to cities and regions

Climate mitigation

Most OECD regions are far from reaching climate neutrality

OECD cities also record high levels of GHG emissions, challenging climate neutrality

OECD regions show strong disparities in low-carbon power supply and manufacturing industry

Emissions from the building and transport sectors show large territorial disparities

Building sector

Transport emissions

Private vehicle ownership

Electric or hybrid vehicle adoption

Public transport accessibility in cities

Continued built-up expansion affects emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU).

Municipal waste per capita increased in many OECD regions

Climate adaptation

Cities are particularly affected by heat stress

Regions in Australia, Latin America and the Mediterranean Basin are particularly exposed to wildfires

Burned area

Wildfire danger

Regions in Belgium, Northern Germany and the Netherlands are particularly vulnerable to coastal and river floods

Soil moisture has decreased in 70% of OECD regions

4 Assessing the implementation of a territorial approach to climate action and resilience in OECD countries

Introduction

Integrating a place-based perspective into climate policy

Measuring and monitoring GHG emissions, climate risks and impacts at different territorial levels

Incorporating local action into national climate plans and strategies

Global recognition of local climate action and resilience is increasing

NDCs and LT-LEDS incorporating local action

NAPs and NAS incorporating local action

Policy implications

Developing subnational climate goals and targets reflecting local needs and interests and aligned with the Paris Agreement

City and regional climate goals and targets and their alignment with those of national governments

National governments' initiatives to promote subnational climate plans and strategies

"Climate-proofing" regional development policy at all territorial levels

Mainstreaming climate objectives in national urban, rural and regional development policies

The role of national urban policy in climate mitigation and adaptation

The OECD Rural Agenda for Climate Action

Promoting climate action and resilience at the right territorial scale

Planning climate action and resilience at the metropolitan scale.

Integrating transport and land use through transit-oriented development (TOD) in FUAs

Greening cities: Linking climate mitigation and adaptation in FUAs

Decarbonising buildings while addressing the affordability challenge in urban areas

Managing water through metropolitan arrangements

Tackling sustainable mobility in rural areas

Accelerating the deployment of renewable energy sources in remote rural areas

Supporting neighbourhood projects generating co-benefits and synergies beyond climate

Prioritising investment in integrated development at the neighbourhood scale that can generate co-benefits and synergies

Using neighbourhood-scale projects for innovative solutions

Supporting vulnerable residents and communities with a participatory approach

Enabling and scaling up local climate action and resilience

Creating a legal and institutional environment for local climate action and resilience

Reviewing national regulatory frameworks

Clarifying roles and responsibilities for climate action across levels of government

Aligning and co-ordinating climate action across levels of government

Building local technical and human capacity

Enhancing funding and financing mechanisms for local climate action and resilience

The state of SNG climate finance

Diversifying sources of funding for climate actions at the subnational level

Own-source revenue to fund climate action

Grants and subsidies as a major funding instrument for subnational climate action

Accelerating local climate action through better access to external financing

Supporting new budgetary and investment approaches for subnational climate action

Mobilising the private sector through climate-related public-private partnerships and green public procurement

Policy implications.

Engaging local actors, building partnerships and sharing knowledge

Citizen's engagement and awareness raising

Facilitating knowledge sharing through city networks and programmes

Annex 4.A. Leading practices advancing a territorial approach to climate action and resilience

Action 1. Measure and monitor GHG emissions, climate risks and impacts at different territorial levels

Case 1. Helping cities and regions develop adaptation measures: Vulnerability Assessment Tool to Build Climate Change Adaptation Plan (VESTAP) (Korea)

Case 2. Identifying local climate risk together with social factors contributing to vulnerability: Climate Ready Map Explorer (Boston, United States)

Case 3. Tracking real-time climate change impacts: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaption (United States)

Action 2: Incorporate local action into national climate plans and strategies

Case 4. Integrating cities' needs and interests into national climate policies: Roundtable of Cities and Climate Change (Colombia)

Case 5. Developing climate strategies in close collaboration with provinces: The Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (Canada)

Action 3: Develop subnational climate goals and targets reflecting local needs and interests and aligned with the Paris Agreement

Case 6. Collaborative climate action across levels of government: Council for National and Regional Decarbonisation, Regional Decarbonisation Roadmap and 100 Decarbonisation Leading Areas (Japan)

Case 7. Delineating a whole-of-government and society approach: National Adaptation Framework (Ireland)

Case 8. Translating EU climate targets into local action plans: Local Energy and Climate Pact (Flanders, Belgium)

Action 4: Mainstream climate objectives in national urban, rural and regional development policies.

Case 9. Incorporating climate objectives into national urban policies: National Urban Development Policy 2018-2030 (Costa Rica).

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-85810-5

92-64-50213-0