Development Co-Operation Report 2021.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

OECD.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, author, issuing body.

Series:

Development Co-Operation Report

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic assistance.

Technical assistance.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (503 pages)

Place of Publication:

Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2022.

Summary:

Digital transformation is revolutionising economies and societies with rapid technological advances in AI, robotics and the Internet of Things. Low and middle-income countries are struggling to gain a foothold in the global digital economy in the face of limited digital capacity, skills, and fragmented global and regional rules.

Contents:

Intro

preface

the oecd provides an inclusive forum to shape a global digital future

foreword

acknowledgements

editorial

digitalisation: a double edged sword

table of contents

reader's guide

glossary of key terms in digital transformation

references

abbreviations and acronyms

executive summary

global digital transformation is at a tipping point

inclusive global co-operation is needed to manage shared processes and risks

development co-operation can tip the balance towards a just digital transformation

development co-operation is key to shaping a just digital transformation (infographic)

overview: powering an inclusive digital future

digital realities in developing countries require bespoke responses

figure 1. developing countries face challenges across the oecd's integrated framework for digital transformation

global co-operation should tackle universal risks

a development co-operation framework to power an inclusive digital future

box 1. better evidence can target actions for digital inclusion of women and girls

figure 2. ensure that policies and partnerships build an inclusive digital future

figure 3. support national and regional building blocks for sustainable digital ecosystems

there is a narrow window to shape a just digital transformation

figure 4. make digital financing fit for purpose with greater scale, innovation and flexibility

notes

part i. digital realities in low-and middle-income countries

in my view: the promises, pitfalls and potential of global technology governance

1. digital drivers of inclusive growth in africa and latin america and the caribbean

key messages

africa's digital economy isexpanding, but more regional integration is needed.

figure 1.1. evolution of communication infrastructure networks and return on investment in africa, asia, and latin america and caribbean region, 2007-19

policies to improve digital integration and skills can reduce inequalities in africa

figure 1.2. mobile phone and internet usage among african youth, by geographical situation, gender, level of education and employment status, 2015-18

in latin america and the caribbean,digitalisation can address structuraldevelopment traps

figure 1.3. labour productivity of latin american and caribbean countries relative to the rest of the world,1950-2019

in both regions, stronger international co-operation can put digitalisation to work for inclusive growth

2. case study: regional integration can accelerate africa's digital transformation

unlocking business opportunities across sectors

encouraging digital investment

strengthening external trade

conclusion: regional co-operation is key

figure 2.1. benefits of regional integration for africa's digital transformation

note

3. cultivating new capacities, the case of e-commerce

developing countries are missing out ondigital trade and economy opportunities

figure 3.1. mismatch of rapid digitalisation and uneven levels of digital readiness

figure 3.2. share of aid-for-trade resources for the ict sector, 2015-19

the etrade for all initiative identifies and helps to overcome gaps

box 3.1. the etrade for all initiative

box 3.2. using etrade readiness assessments to fast-track progress in the digital economy

partnerships and synergies among development actors should be prioritised

4. tackling digital disadvantage with people-centred policies

key messages.

bridging the digital divide will advance inclusive, sustainable development

addressing barriers with holistic,people-centred policies

figure 4.1. evolution of gaps in global coverage and usage

a policy shift is needed to increase digital inclusion

5. case study: digital platforms can boost earnings of women entrepreneurs

6. managing inclusive digital transformation, lessons from 100 countries

demand for digital solutions and guidance exploded during the pandemic

figure 6.1. what kind of digital support are developing countries demanding?

how inclusive, whole-of-society digital transformations foster development

figure 6.2. the undp inclusive digital transformation framework (beta)

learning from what works and what doesn't in digital development

7. determining national priorities in the 4th industrial revolution

the digital economy kit: an inclusivestrategy process

why the digital economy kit works

table 7.1. primary government partners for each digital economy kit country

challenges: locating digital mandates within administrations and translating a strategy into sensible reforms

box 7.1. bangladesh's digital journey since 2008: a view from the inside

how development co-operation can support national priority setting

8. case study: digital citizenship or digital authoritarianism

digital citizenship versus digital authoritarianism: contesting online civic space

figure 8.1. incidents of digital opening and closing across ten african countries

figure 8.2. digital whack-a-mole: activism technologies and governmental control

box 8.1. #endsars: an online pro test movement that brought results in nigeria.

how development actors can help preserve and protect online civic space

part ii. policies to maximise gains and reduce risks

in my view: to tackle disinformation, we must uphold freedom of opinion and expression

what does that mean?

9. agile, comprehensive and principles-based: policy making for a digital age

digital transformation: promises, pitfalls and the pandemic

box 9.1. the oecd going digit al project: policies to promote growth and well-being in the digital age

figure 9.1. the number of people online has increased

figure 9.2. global increase in fixed broadband connections, but with disparities across countries

going digital: policies to unlock investment, manage risks and reap benefits

figure 9.3. oecd countries' digital strategies: state of play

figure 9.4. oecd going digital integrated policy framework

box 9.2. how thailand put the oecd going digital integrated policy framework into practice

10. case study: combatting cyber threats, disinformation, and internet shutdowns

internet shutdowns and free speech

disinformation and hate speech

digital identification and exclusion

cybercrime and surveillance

box 10.1. new initiatives aim to improve cybersecurity in africa

11. making the leap from e-government to digital government

towards human-centred and long-term digital transformation of the public sector

figure 11.1. the six dimensions of the oecd digital government policy framework

oecd countries scored well on dimensions 1-4, contributing to solid foundations for digital government

figure 11.2. oecd digital government index 2019 composite results

dimensions 5 and 6, making digital government transformational, are a challenge for all governments.

lessons for building digital government

12. case study: benin and estonia's e-government partnership

challenge

approach

results

lessons learnt

further information

13. case study: knowledge sharing on user-centred digital citizen services: colombia's experience

14. taxing digital economies

the two-pillar solution: reforming international tax rules for a digitised world

box 14.1. egypt is working with the oecd to improve tax collection

low- and middle-income countries should focus on value-added tax on e-commerce

figure 14.1. the value of imports of digitally deliverable services in africa's ten largest economies increased dramatically, 2005-2019

international support of digital peer learning is crucial for tax administrations

15. seizing opportunities for digital trade

what is digital trade and why does it matter?

figure 15.1. effects of digitalisation on trade

figure 15.2. digitalisation has a positive impact on trade in goods and services

how can developing countries make the most out of these new opportunities?

figure 15.3. barriers to e-book purchase

box 15.1 building frameworks for a dynamic digital economy: the africa continental free trade area

16. case study: planning for the future of work

automation creates jobs in some sectors and destroys them in others

employment trends in relation toautomation and platforms

figure 16.1. automation is likely to affect 50% of jobs on average

figure 16.2. automation has not negatively impacted employment growth in advanced economies, 2012-19.

social, education and labour market policy considerations for the future of work.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-85686-2

92-64-70079-X