OECD economic surveys : Sweden 1996-1997 / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, issuing body.

Series:

OECD Economic Surveys: Sweden

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic history.

Sweden--Economic conditions.

Sweden.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (240 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris, France : OECD Publishing, [1996]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Assessment and recommendations I. Economic trends and prospects -A modest recovery -The labour market and inflation -The short-term outlook II. Macroeconomic policies -Monetary policy -Fiscal policy III. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy -Introduction -Labour market and employment performance -Policy requirements -Recent policy actions -Assessment and scope for further action IV. Policies for the business sector -Introduction -Structure and performance of the Swedish business sector -The role of policies -Policy implications Bibliography Annexes -I. Supporting material to Chapter III -II. Supporting material to Chapter IV -III. Rulings of the Swedish competition authority with respect to horizontal and vertical integration and abuse of dominant positions -IV. Methodology and assumptions involved in the calculation of effective tax rates on capital income -V. Calendar of main economic events Statistical annex and structural indicators.

Contents:

Intro

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Assessment and recommendations

I. Economic trends and prospects

Table 1. Main demand components

Figure 1. MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

A modest recovery

Weak domestic demand

Figure 2. PRIVATE CONSUMPTION

Box 1. Households' financial savings and house price falls in the Nordic countries

Figure 3. HOUSE PRICES AND HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS RATES IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES

Figure 4. HOUSE PRICES AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS

Figure 5. GROSS FIXED INVESTMENT, BY SECTOR

Trade performance and the external sector

Figure 6. RELATIVE PRICES AND TRADE PERFORMANCE

Table 2. Export performance

Table 3. Commodity composition of goods exports and imports

Figure 7. RESOURCE USE IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Figure 8. RESOURCE USE IN THE SERVICE SECTOR

Table 4. Balance of payments

The labour market and inflation

Continuing labour shake-out

Figure 9. HOURS WORKED AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

Figure 10. UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOUR MARKET PROGRAMMES (LMP) AND LABOUR SUPPLY

Faster wage growth, but subdued inflation

Table 5. Wages and salaries in the private sector

The short-term outlook

Economic policy assumptions and the external environment

Table 6. Economic policy assumptions and external environment

Table 7. Short-term outlook

Short-term outlook and risks

II. Macroeconomic policies

Monetary policy

Implementation of monetary policy 1995-96

Figure 11. SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATE DEVELOPMENTS

Figure 12. EXCHANGE RATE DEVELOPMENTS

Figure 13. DEMAND IMPULSES GIVEN BY MONETARY DEVELOPMENTS

Figure 14. INTEREST RATES AND CREDIT AGGREGATES

Declining bond yields

Figure 15. BOND YIELDS

Figure 16. BOND YIELDS, INFLATION PERFORMANCE AND EXCHANGE RATES

Figure 17. INFLATION EXPECTATIONS

Fiscal policy

Setting fiscal policy on a sustainable path.

Table 8. Budget plans and outcomes

Figure 18. GENERAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET BALANCES

Box 2. The fiscal consolidation programme: its profile, components and implementation

Figure 19. THE IMPACT OF THE FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PROGRAMME (FCP)

Figure 20. GENERAL GOVERNMENT DEBT AND THE PRIMARY BALANCE

Box 3. The cyclical sensitivity of public finances in Sweden

Figure 21. AUTOMATIC STABILISERS AND GOVERNMENT BORROWING

Table 9. Projections of public finances

Reforming the budget process

Restructuring public finances

Table 10. Public sector revenues and expenditures in selected OECD countries

Figure 22. THE STRUCTURE OF TRANSFERS

Reducing tax expenditures

Table 11. Tax expenditures

Achieving redistributive goals with fewer distortions

Figure 23. WHO PAYS THE TAXES?

Pension reform

Table 12. Net present value of social security payments

III. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy

Introduction

Figure 24. LABOUR MARKET INDICATORS

Labour market and employment performance

Figure 25. UNEMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Figure 26. STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE LABOUR MARKET

Policy requirements

Figure 27. EMPLOYMENT GROWTH BY SECTOR

Enhancing the ability to adjust and adapt

The wage formation system

Figure 28. WAGE DEVELOPMENTS

Figure 29. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND WAGES

Table 13. Alternative measures of five-years earnings mobility for the working-age population

Increasing the flexibility of employment and working time

Figure 30. EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS

Table 14. Capital working time and pay schedules for irregular work hours

Taxes and transfers

Figure 31. AVERAGE AND MARGINAL TAX WEDGES

Box 4. Income replacement schemes

Figure 32. RECIPIENTS OF INCOME REPLACEMENT BENEFITS

Figure 33. NET REPLACEMENT RATES

Active labour market policies

Figure 34. LABOUR MARKET MEASURES.

Increasing the knowledge base, efficiency and innovative capacity

Upgrading skills and competences

Figure 35. FEATURES OF ADULT AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

Figure 36. EDUCATIONAL PATTERNS

Product market competition

Technology and innovation

Nurturing an entrepreneurial climate

Recent policy actions

Assessment and scope for further action

Box 5. The OECD Jobs Strategy: synopsis of recommendations for Sweden

IV. Policies for the business sector

Table 15. Relative GDP per capita and labour productivity growth for selected OECD countries

Structure and performance of the Swedish business sector

Overall and sectoral productivity performance

Figure 37. SECTORAL COMPOSITION OF THE SWEDISH ECONOMY

Table 16. Productivity growth in the business sector

Table 17. Labour productivity levels in selected OECD countries

Prices and mark-ups

Figure 38 a. RELATIVE PRICES AND REAL INCOME

Figure 38 b. RELATIVE PRICES AND REAL INCOME

Figure 39. MARK-UP RATIOS IN MANUFACTURING 1980-1992

Table 18. Mark-ups for a selected group of service sectors

Industrial structure, employment and enterprise creation

Sectoral trends and enterprise size

Table 19. Sectoral employment

Figure 40. ENTERPRISE SIZE AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Table 20. Job creation by establishment size

Factor-intensity, the technology base and R&amp

D in manufacturing

Figure 41. EMPLOYMENT SHARES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR BY TYPE OF INDUSTRY

Figure 42. CHANGES IN OUTPUT SHARE BY LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

Table 21. Share of manufacturing value added by industry

Figure 43. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF R&amp

D EXPENDITURE

Export and import structure

Table 22. Foreign trade and industrial structure

Figure 44. MANUFACTURING EXPORT SPECIALISATION.

Box 6. The five effects revealed in Constant Market Share Analysis

Foreign direct investment

Figure 45. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

The role of policies

The framework for competition

Box 7. The Swedish regulatory framework to enhance competition

Privatisation and competition

Government involvement in markets

Table 23. Local government-owned companies

Box 8. Issues arising from government involvement in competitive markets

Government support for the business sector

The range of government support

Figure 46. LEVEL AND COMPOSITION OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Figure 47. BUSINESS SUPPORT IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Policies towards SMEs

Technology diffusion and government support to R&amp

D

Table 24. R&amp

D expenditure by sector of performance

Figure 48. MOBILITY OF ENGINEERING PhDs LICENTIATES

The role of financial markets

Table 25. The domestic credit market

Table 26. Financing of investment for different enterprise sizes

Figure 49. FINANCING COST AND BANKRUPTCY RATES

Taxes and allocation of capital

Table 27. Capital income taxation

Table 28. Real cost of capital for personally-owned enterprises and closely-held corporations

Table 29. Cost structure in small enterprises

Ownership, control and decision-making in Swedish firms

An active and concentrated ownership

Table 30. Ownership of quoted shares 1983-1994

Figure 50. OWNERSHIP INFLUENCE IN SWEDISH PRIVATE-OWNED CORPORATIONS

The market for corporate control

Implications for small enterprises

Policy implications

Box 9. Policy recommendations to improve business sector performance

Notes

Bibliography

ANNEXES

Annex I - Supporting material to Chapter III

Table A1. Labour market regulations

Table A1. Labour Market regulations (cont'd)

Annex II - Supporting material to Chapter IV.

Table A2. Major state-owned enterprises

Table A3. Major industrial groups in Germany, Japan and Sweden

Table A4. Institutions engaged in industrial support

Annex III - Rulings of the Swedish competition authority with respect to horizontal and vertical integration and abuse of...

Annex IV - Methodology and assumptions involved in the calculation of effective tax rates on capital income

Table A5. Main tax parameters for Sweden 1985-95

Annex V - Calendar of main economic events

STATISTICAL ANNEX AND STRUCTURAL INDICATORS

Table A. Selected background statistics

Table B. Supply and use of resources

Table C. Supply and use of resources

Table D. General government revenue ans expenditure

Table E. Balance of payments

Table F. Labour

Table G. Production by sector and employment

Table H. Foreign trade, total and by area

Table I. Prices and wages

Table J. Money and credit

Table J. Money and credit (cont'd)

Table K. Production structure and performance indicators

Table K. Production structure and performance indicators (cont'd)

Table L. Labour market indicators

Table M. The public sector

BASIC STATISTICS: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS

BASIC STATISTICS: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS (cont'd)

MAIN SALES OUTLETS OF OECD PUBLICATIONS / PRINCIPAUX POINTS DE VENTE DES PUBLICATIONS DE L'OCDE

BOXES

Box 5. The OECD Jobs Strategy: synopsis of recommendations for Sweden.

Box 6. The five effects revealed in Constant Market Share Analysis.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-14970-8

OCLC:

1225554558