OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report September 2022 : Paying the Price of War / Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, author, issuing body.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic history.

Economics.

Economic forecasting.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (239 pages)

Place of Publication:

[Place of publication not identified] : OECD Publishing, 2022.

Summary:

The world is paying a high price for Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. The high humanitarian cost continues to grow and the global economic outlook has darkened further.This Interim Report focuses on the effects of the war on the world economy and the energy crisis. With the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic still lingering, the war is dragging down growth more than anticipated. Inflation has intensified and become widespread across countries and consumer items. The risk of energy disruptions has risen. The Interim Report is an update on the assessment in June 2022 issue of the OECD Economic Outlook (Number 111).

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Table of contents

Abbreviations and acronyms

Executive summary

Civil aviation

Ports

1 Overview

1.1. Background to Brazil's Competition Assessment Project

1.2. The benefits of competition and lifting barriers

1.3. Summary of key findings

1.3.1. Overview of the sectors

1.3.2. Civil aviation

Airport management

Technical-experience requirements

Restrictions on horizontal integration

Airport-concession contracts

Airport revenue

Revenues from commercial services

Ground-handling services

Access to jet-fuel supply infrastructure at the airport

Civil-aviation personnel

Nationality requirement

Flight- and duty-time limitations

1.3.3. Ports

Centralisation of the leasing process and absence of flexibility in leasing contracts

Duration of the authorisation process to build and operate port facilities

Pilotage and the rotation shift

Pool of port workers

Segregation and delivery-service fee: lack of legal certainty

References

Notes

2 Civil-aviation sector

2.1. Overview of the civil aviation sector

2.1.1. Economic overview

2.1.2. Sectoral growth

Demand, supply and capacity

2.1.3. Market structure

2.1.4. Institutional overview

2.1.5. Overview of the legislation

2.2. Airport management

2.2.1. Background: Airport ownership and operating models

The international perspective

The Brazilian airport-ownership and operating model

2.2.2. Airport concession auctions

Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective

Harm to competition

Ownership restrictions

Restrictions on vertical integration

Restrictions on horizontal integration. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective

2.2.3. Airport concession contracts

2.3. Airport revenue

2.3.1. Aeronautical revenue

Background

2.3.2. Non-aeronautical revenues

Revenues from operational services

2.4. Ground-handling services

2.4.1. Provision of ground-handling services by airlines

2.4.2. Provision of ground-handling services by third parties

2.4.3. Aviation-fuel supply

2.5. Slot allocation

2.5.1. Slot allocation in Brazil

Economic literature and international experience

The Brazilian market

2.6. Civil-aviation personnel

2.6.1. Licensed civil-aviation personnel in Brazil

Civil-aviation instruction centres

Theoretical courses

2.6.2. Nationality requirement

2.6.3. Outsourcing aircrew. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective

2.6.4. Flight- and duty-time limitations

Annex 2.A. Slot auctions and slot trading

Airport slot auctioning

Advantages

Disadvantages

International experience

Airport slot trading

Annex 2.B. Quantification of the impact on airfare of facilitating entry into jet-fuel distribution markets

3 Ports sector

3.1. Overview and definition of the ports sector

3.1.1. Economic overview

Growth of the sector

Market structure

Recent trends

3.1.2. Institutional overview

3.1.3. Overview of the legislation

3.2. Provision of port services

3.2.1. Background

3.2.2. Duration of the process for reviewing tariffs in public ports

3.2.3. Instruments to grant private port zones and facilities

Regulatory framework

Leasing

Centralisation of the bidding process

Duration of leasing contracts

Absence of flexibility in leasing contracts

Change in cargo type

Authorisation for new investments

3.2.4. Authorisations to build and operate port facilities

Duration of the process to obtain the declaration of adequacy

Duration of the authorisation process. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective

Requirement to have headquarters and administration in Brazil

3.2.5. Pilotage

3.2.6. Regulatory framework

3.2.7. Access to the piloting profession

3.2.8. Price-setting alternatives for pilotage services

3.2.9. Pilot exemption certificates

3.3. Pool of port workers

3.3.1. Background

3.3.2. Monopoly of port-worker registration

3.3.3. The monopoly in establishing worker teams

3.3.4. Exclusivity in the management of port-worker training

3.4. Segregation and Delivery Service Fee

3.4.1. Lack of legal certainty

Cost comparisons

Annex 3.A. Quantification on pilotage

Annex 3.B. Quantification on pool of workers

4 Horizontal findings on the civil aviation and ports sectors

4.1. Regulatory simplification

4.1.1. Description of the obstacle

4.1.2. Harm to competition

4.1.3. International comparison

4.2. Authorisation for foreign companies to operate in Brazil

4.2.1. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective

4.2.2. Harm to competition

4.3. Bids and public contracts

4.3.1. Economic and financial burdens. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective

4.3.2. Prequalification

4.3.3. Necessity of certified translations and consulate-authenticated documents for companies not operating in Brazil

Annex A. Methodology.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-33796-2