Taxing Wages 2024.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

OECD

Series:

Taxing Wages Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Taxation.

Income tax.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (679 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2024.

Summary:

This annual publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries. This year's edition focuses on fiscal incentives for second earners in the OECD and how tax policy might contribute to gender gaps in labour market outcomes. For the year 2023, the report also examines personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by workers. It illustrates how these taxes and benefits are calculated in each member country and examines how they impact household incomes.

Contents:

Intro

Foreword

Executive Summary

Key findings

The average tax wedge for single workers increased in a majority of countries in 2023

The average tax wedge for households with children rose across the OECD in 2023

Post-tax incomes fell in real terms in over half of OECD countries

Tax and gender through the lens of the second earner (Special Feature)

Notes

Part I Effective tax rates on labour income - Comparisons and trends

Part I Effective tax rateson labour income -Comparisons and trends

1 Overview

Introduction

Taxation of single workers

The tax wedge

Personal average tax rates

Single versus one-earner couple taxpayers

Taxation of two-earner couples

Wages

References

2 Special feature: Tax and gender through the lens of the second earner

Tax policy contributes to persistent disparities between men and women in the labour market

Methodology, assumptions and limitations

Key indicators

Dimensions

Assumptions and limitations

The average tax wedge on second earners

Second-earner versus single-earner tax wedge

Decomposing the second-earner tax wedge

Marginal tax wedge on second earners

Marginal tax wedge for a wage increase equivalent to 1% of the average wage

Marginal tax wedge for an increase in earnings from 67% to 100% of the average wage

Conclusion

Annex 2.A.

3 Effective tax rates on labour income in 2023

Average tax rates

Marginal tax rates

4 Graphical exposition of effective tax rates in 2023

5 Effective tax rates on labour income in 2022

6 Evolution of effective tax rates on labour income (2000-23)

Long-term trends in labour taxation since 2000

Note

Part II Country details, 2023

Part II Country details,2023.

Australia (2022-2023 Income tax year)

Personal income tax system

Federal income tax

Tax unit

Tax allowances and credits

1.1.2.1. Standard tax reliefs

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an average worker include:

Tax schedule

State and local income taxes

Social security contributions

Employees' contributions

Employers' contributions

Other taxes

Pay-roll tax

Universal cash transfers

Transfers related to marital status

Transfers related to dependent children

Other transfers

Recent changes in the tax/benefit system

Memorandum items

Identification of an average worker

Employers' contribution to private health and pension scheme

Austria

1. Personal Income Tax

1.1. Central government income tax

1.1.1. Tax unit

1.1.2. Tax allowances

1.1.2.2. Non-standard tax reliefs

1.1.3. Rate Schedule

1.1.4. Tax credits

1.1.4.1. Standard tax credits:

1.1.4.2 Non-standard tax credit

1.2. State and local income taxes

2. Compulsory Social Security Contributions to Schemes Operated within the Government Sector

2.1. Employee and Employer Social Security Contributions

2.2. Payroll taxes

3. Universal Cash Transfers

3.1. Transfers related to marital status

3.2. Transfers for dependent children

3.3. Other cash transfers

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems Since 2004

5. Memorandum Items

5.1. Calculation of Earnings Data

Belgium

1. Personal income tax system

1.1. Federal government income tax

1.1.1.1. Schedule

1.1.2.1. Deduction of social security contributions

1.1.2.2. Work-related expenses

1.1.2.3. Non-earning spouse allowance (quotient conjugal)

1.1.2.4. Exempt income

1.1.2.5. Schedule.

1.2. Regional and local government taxes

1.3. Tax credits

2. Compulsory social security contributions to schemes operated within the government sector

2.1. Rates and ceiling

2.2. Deductions according to family status or gender

3. Universal cash transfers

3.1. New regional system - Brussels-Capital region

3.2. Old system

4. Main changes in the tax/benefit system since 2016

4.1. Changes to labour taxation due to the COVID pandemic in 2020 and 2021

5.1. Identification of AW and valuation of earnings

Canada

1. Personal Income Tax Systems

1.1. Central/federal government income taxes

1.1.2. Tax allowances and credits

1.1.2.1. Standard reliefs

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an average worker:

1.1.3. Tax schedule

1.2.1. General description

1.2.2. Tax regime selected for this study

2. Compulsory Social Security Contributions to Schemes Operated Within the Government Sector

2.1. Employees' contributions

2.1.1. Pensions

2.1.2. Sickness

2.1.3. Unemployment

2.1.4. Work injury

2.2. Employers' contributions

2.2.1. Pensions

2.2.2. Sickness

2.2.3. Unemployment

2.2.4. Work injury

3.2.1. Federal

3.2.2. Provincial

4. Main changes in the Tax/Benefit system since 2009

4.1. Changes to labour taxation to improve the affordability facing the high inflation in 2023 : Temporary increase in GST/HST credit

4.2. Identification of an Average Worker

4.3. Employer contributions to private health and pension schemes

Chile

1.1. Central/federal government income taxes.

1.1.1. Tax unit

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs

3.1. Marital status-related transfers

3.2. Transfers related to dependent children

4. Recent changes in the tax/benefit system

5. Memorandum items

5.1. Identification of an average worker

5.2. Employers' contribution to private health and pension schemes

Colombia

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems Since 2019

5.1. Identification of an average worker and calculation of earnings

Costa Rica

1.1.2. Tax allowances and tax credits

1.1.2.1. Standard tax allowances and tax credits

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax allowances and tax credits

1.2. State and local taxes.

2. Compulsory social security contributions to schemes operated within the government sector

2.1. Employee contributions

2.2. Employer contributions

Czechia

1. Personal Income Tax System

1.1. Central government income taxes

1.1.2.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an AW

1.1.2.3. Tax schedule

1.1.2.4. Tax credits

1.2. State and local income tax

3.3. Additional transfers

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems since 2023

5.2. Employers' contributions to private pension, health and related schemes

Denmark

1.1. Tax allowances and tax credits

1.1.1. Standard reliefs

1.1.2. Main non-standard tax reliefs applicable to an AW

1.1.3. Tax credits

1.2. Central government income taxes

1.2.1. Tax schedule

1.3. State and local income taxes

1.3.1. General description

1.3.2. Tax base

1.3.3. Tax rates

4. Main Changes in Tax/Benefit Systems

5.1. Identification of an AW.

5.2. Employer and employee's contribution to private schemes.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

9789264588882

OCLC:

1470867065