Employment outlook : July 1997 / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, contributor.

Series:

OECD Employment Outlook

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Employment (Economic theory).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (204 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris : OECD Publishing, [1997]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Editorial: Low-Wage Jobs: Stepping Stones to a better Future or Traps? Chapter 1 Recent Labour Market Developments and Prospects Chapter 2. Earnings Mobility: Taking a Longer-Term View Chapter 3. Economic Performance and the Structure of Collective Bargaining Chapter 4. Trade, Earnings and Employment: Assessing the Impact of Trade with Emerging Economies on OECD Labour Markets Chapter 5. Is Job Insecurity on the Increase in OECD Countries? Statistical Annex.

Contents:

Intro

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDITORIAL: Low-wage jobs: stepping stones to a better future or traps?

CHAPTER 1. Recent labour market developments and prospects

A. INTRODUCTION

B. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND PROSPECTS

1. Economic activity

Table 1.1. Growth of real GDP in OECD countries

2. Employment and unemployment

Table 1.2. Employment and labour force growth in OECD countries

Table 1.3. Unemployment in OECD countries

3. Wages and inflation

Table 1.4. Business sector labour costs in OECD countries

C. RECENT WAGE DEVELOPMENTS

1. The evolution of real wage growth over the past decade

Table 1.5. Real earnings growth for different groups of workers over the past five and ten years

Chart 1.1. Real compensation per employee during recoveries in activity

Chart 1.1. Real compensation per employee during recoveries in activity(cont.)

Table 1.6. Non-wage labour costs as a proportion of total labour costs

2. Factors affecting wage behaviour

Table 1.7. Recent wage bargaining reforms and incomes policy agreements

Chart 1.2. Minimum wage relative to average earnings, 1970-1995

3. Testing for changes in the relationship between wage growth and unemployment

Table 1.8. Summary of stability tests on wage equations

Chart 1.3. Actual versus predicted wage growth

Chart 1.3. Actual versus predicted wage growth (cont.)

D. CONCLUSIONS

Notes

ANNEX 1.A. Wage equations: specification and estimation

Table 1.A.1. Aggregate wage equation estimates

ANNEX 1.B. Definitions and sources of the earnings data in Table I.5

Bibliography

CHAPTER 2. Earnings mobility: taking a longer run view

A. INTRODUCTION AND MAIN FINDINGS

1. Introduction

2. Main findings

B. EARNINGS MOBILITY AND EARNINGS INEQUALITY

2. Overall equalisation.

Chart 2.1. Percentage reduction in earnings inequality when earnings are averaged over longer periods, 1986-1991

Table 2.1. Percentage reduction in single-year earnings inequality when earnings are averaged over 1986-1991

3. Group differences in equalisation

Table 2.2. Percentage reduction in single-year earnings inequality when earnings are averaged over 1986-1991, by workers'...

Table 2.3. Earnings inequality and mobility ''within'' and ''between'' groups, 1986-1991

C. PERSISTENCE AND RECURRENCE OF LOW-PAID EMPLOYMENT

2. Measuring the incidence of low pay

Chart 2.2. Alternative incidence measures for low-paid employment, 1986-1991

Table 2.4. Incidence and distribution of low-paid employment by workers' characteristics, 1986-1991

3. Time spent in low pay

Chart 2.3. Two views of the persistence of low pay, 1986-1991

Table 2.5. Average cumulative years in low-paid employment during 1986-1991

Chart 2.4. Mean years of no pay, low pay and high pay, 1986-1991, by selected characteristics

Table 2.6. Distribution and concentration of years spent in low-paid employment, 1986-1991

4. Transitions in and out of low pay

Table 2.7. Probabilities of making transitions into and out of low-paid employment, 1986-1991

D. REAL EARNINGS PATHS OF INDIVIDUAL WORKERS

2. The distribution of real earnings growth

Table 2.8. Dispersion of real earnings growth, 1986-1991

Chart 2.5. Distribution of workers by real earnings growth over 1986-1991

3. Group differences in average real earnings growth

Table 2.9. Mean real earnings growth by workers' characteristics, 1986-1991

Chart 2.6. Real earnings and earnings growth by employment intensity, 1986-1991

4. Real earnings growth and job change.

Table 2.10. Average number of years in which workers changed employer, industry or occupation, 1986-1991

Table 2.11. Relative number of annual changes of employer by workers' characteristics, 1986-1991

Chart 2.7. Average number of years in which workers changed main employer by level of earnings, 1986-1991

E. CONCLUSIONS

ANNEX 2.A. Data sources, sample construction and data definitions for the longitudinal analysis

Table 2.A.1. Overview of longitudinal datasets used in earnings mobility analysis

Table 2.A.2. Earnings levels and sample sizes for the mobility analysis,

Chart 2.A.1. Distribution of workers by employment intensity, 1986-1991

Table 2.A.3. Distribution of employees by employment intensity, 1986-1991

ANNEX 2.B. Quantifying how much mobility reduces earnings inequality

CHAPTER 3. Economic performance and the structure of collective bargaining

B. THEORETICAL ARGUMENTS AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

1. Theory

2. Extensions of the basic model

3. Previous empirical results

Table 3.1. Economic performance and the structure of collective bargaining: some recent findings

4. Updating Calmfors and Driffill

Table 3.2. Indicators of macroeconomic performance: Calmfors and Driffill's (1988) Table 2 updated

C. CHARACTERISTICS OF WAGE BARGAINING SYSTEMS

1. Key concepts: corporatism, centralisation and co-ordination

2. Measures of collective bargaining in OECD countries

Table 3.3. Collective bargaining characteristics of OECD countries

Chart 3.1. Trade union density and collective bargaining coverage rates, 1994

Table 3.4. Comparison of collective bargaining rankings in selected studies

D. SIMPLE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCEAND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING.

1. Measures of economic performance

2. Collective bargaining and economic performance: linear correlations

Table 3.5. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between collective bargaining and measures of economic performance

3. Collective bargaining and economic performance:U-shaped/hump-shaped correlations

E. REGRESSION RESULTS ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

1. Regression results: grouped data

Table 3.6. Measures of economic performance and characteristics of the collective bargaining system: pooled regression...,

2. Specification and sensitivity analysis

Specification issues

Outliers in the data

3. Interactions

Table 3.7. Interactions between measures of economic performance and characteristics of the collective bargaining system

4. Changes over time

Chart 3.2. Change in economic performance and change in centralisation/co-ordination

Table 3.8. Changes in measures of economic performance and changes in characteristics of the collective bargaining system

F. CONCLUSIONS

ANNEX 3.A. Sources of data on trade union density and collective bargaining coverage

ANNEX 3.B. Sensitivity analysis of outliers in the data

Table 3.B.1. Measures of economic performance and characteristics of the collective bargaining system: pooled robust...

CHAPTER 4. Trade, earnings and employment: assessing the impact of trade with emerging economies on OECD labour markets

B. THE STYLISED FACTS ON EMPLOYMENT EARNINGS AND TRADE

1. Trends in employment by skill category

Chart 4.1. Evolution of employment by level of educational attainment

Table 4.1 a. Trends in the population of less versus more educated workers.

Table 4.1 b. Trends in the employment and unemployment of less versus more educated workers

2. Trends in earnings and employment by skill category: whole economy contrasted with manufacturing sector

Chart 4.2.a. Evolution of earnings and employment differentials by skill category: whole economy

Chart 4.2.a. Evolution of earnings and employment differentials by skill category: whole economy (cont.)

Chart 4.2.b. Evolution of earnings and employment differentials by skill category: manufacturing sector

3. Evolution in OECD manufacturing trade with the EEs, 1967-1994

Chart 4.3. Trends in OECD manufacturing trade with emerging economies (EEs)

C. SECTORAL COMPOSITION OF TRADE WITH THE EMERGING ECONOMIES

Table 4.2. Sectors with a high incidence of net imports from emerging economies (EEs), 1993

Table 4.3. Earnings and skill intensity of import-competing sectors, 1990

Table 4.4. Sectors with a high incidence of net exports to emerging economies (EEs), 1993

Table 4.5. Earnings and skill intensity of export sectors, 1990

D. ESTIMATING THE POSSIBLE LINKS BETWEEN TRADE WITH EMERGINGECONOMIES AND OECD WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT

1. Channels of transmission between trade and labour markets

Box 1. Trade, wages and employment: key predictions from conventional trade theories

2. Evolution of trade prices in import-competing and export sectors

Table 4.6. Evolution of trade prices, 1980-1990

3. Trade prices, wages and employment

Box 2. A review of results from other studies

Chart 4.4. Evolution of relative trade prices, wages and employment, 1980-1990

Table 4.7. Summary of recent empirical studies on trade and labour markets

Table 4.7. Summary of recent empirical studies on trade and labour markets (cont.)

Table 4.7. Summary of recent empirical studies on trade and labour markets (cont.).

Table 4.7. Summary of recent empirical studies on trade and labour markets (cont.).

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-16324-7

OCLC:

1225550261