Brazil : 2015 / OECD.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, contributor.

Series:

OECD Economic surveys (Series)

OECD Economic Surveys

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic history.

Brazil--Economic conditions.

Brazil.

Brazil--Economic policy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (123 pages).

Place of Publication:

Paris : OECD Publishing, [2015]

Summary:

Special features: Strengthening the industrial sector; Improving health policies.

Contents:

Intro

Table of contents

Basic Statistics of Brazil, 2014

Executive summary

Bolstering confidence through prudent macro policies

Rising expenditures have led to a primary fiscal deficit

The industrial sector could play a key role for boosting productivity

Labour productivity growth has been slow

Improving public healthcare is crucial for reducing inequalities and enhancing wellbeing

Life expectancy at birth

Main findings and key recommendations

Assessment and recommendations

Figure 1. Stronger growth will require raising productivity

Figure 2. Better life index

Macro-economic policies to bolster confidence

Table 1. Brazil: Macroeconomic indicators

Figure 3. Labour market indicators

Table 2. Basic economic indicators

Consolidating public finances

Figure 4. Fiscal balances have deteriorated

Figure 5. Possible debt trajectories

Figure 6. Population ageing will add to spending pressures

Ensuring a return to the inflation target

Figure 7. Inflation and exchange rates

Figure 8. Monetary policy

Reducing medium-term vulnerabilities

Figure 9. Financial system indicators

Box 1. Medium-term uncertainties about the Brazilian economy's prospects

Figure 10. Corporate leverage is high

Figure 11. External imbalances have widened

Box 2. Main policy recommendations for macroeconomic policies

Sustaining future growth

Boosting industrial performance

Figure 12. Value added share of industry

Figure 13. Industrial performance and integration into global trade

Figure 14. Hours required to prepare taxes

Figure 15. Regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship are high

Figure 16. Applied tariff rates in international comparison

Box 3. Key policy recommendations for improving the business climate and boosting industrial performance.

Improving the carbon footprint of the economy

Figure 17. Greenhouse gas emissions by sector of origin

Figure 18. Fuel excise taxes are low in international comparison

Box 4. Main policy recommendations for improving the use of environmental resources

Making growth more inclusive and improving well-being

Figure 19. Poverty and income inequality in international comparison and over time

Education is the key to a better income distribution in the long run

Figure 20. PISA scores on reading and mathematics

Improving public healthcare services

Figure 21. Selected health indicators

Figure 22. Per capita expenditures on health

Figure 23. Non-communicable diseases are a significant challenge

Figure 24. Perceived main problem of the public healthcare system

Figure 25. Practising medical staff per population and geographic imbalances

Box 5. Main policy recommendations for health policies

Bibliography

Annex. Progress in main structural reforms

Thematic chapters

Chapter 1. Raising industrial performance

Brazil has traditionally had a large industrial sector

Figure 1.1. Brazil's industry is increasingly diversified

Box 1.1. Brazil's industrial sector in historical perspective

Figure 1.2. Brazil's industrial sector is small for a middle income country

Industry performance has been weak recently

Figure 1.3. Industry growth is lagging behind other countries and sectors

Figure 1.4. Manufacturing productivity is low and stagnant

Why industrial development can be a policy concern

Policies to improve the performance of the industrial sector

Reducing high costs

Figure 1.5. Investment is low in international comparison

Figure 1.6. Hours required to prepare taxes

Figure 1.7. Brazil's infrastructure relative to its major trading partners.

Figure 1.8. Manufacturing competitiveness has declined

Figure 1.9. The share of students enrolled in professional and technical degrees is low

Figure 1.10. The court system is slow to resolve commercial disputes

Strengthening competition and improving the incentives for stronger productivity growth

Figure 1.11. Many industries are highly concentrated

Figure 1.12. Allocative efficiency in manufacturing is low and has declined

Figure 1.13. The link between productivity and employment growth based within manufacturing sectors

Figure 1.14. Distribution of management quality in Brazil vs. the United States1

Figure 1.15. Applied tariff rates in international comparison

Figure 1.16. International trade and integration into global value chains are low

Box 1.2. A tale of two industries - automobiles and aerospace

Figure 1.17. Change in Brazil's export market share

Figure 1.18. Estimated effects of tariff reductions on exports

Figure 1.19. Cost of exporting and importing a container (twenty-foot equivalent unit)

Figure 1.20. Ease of starting a business

Figure 1.21. Patents and trademarks

Figure 1.22. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D

Figure 1.23. R&D tax credits favour profit-making companies

Co-ordination policies and sector-specific policies to support industrial performance

Box 1.3. Summary of policy recommendations for raising industrial performance

Chapter 2. Improving public health services

Improvements in health outcomes have been impressive but new challenges are emerging

Brazil's population health has markedly improved over recent decades

Figure 2.1. Selected health indicators

Table 2.1. Brazil's progress towards health-related Millenium Goals set by the United Nations

New health challenges are arising.

Figure 2.2. Non-communicable diseases are becoming more significant

Brazil's health system has been instrumental in improving outcomes but cost pressures are emerging

The unified health system has been the backbone of success

The financing of healthcare has become a mix of public and private funds

Figure 2.3. Overall financing flows of health system in Brazil

Total health expenditure is high as a share of GDP and set to increase further

Figure 2.4. Health expenditure

Figure 2.5. Potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy

Box 2.1. Measuring the efficiency of the health system

Figure 2.6. Graphical illustration of potential efficiency gains

Improving access to public healthcare

Enhancing access to primary care has been a great success in Brazil

Figure 2.7. Expenditure on primary care in real value and relative terms, 2002-10

Table 2.2. Selected elements of the benefits package covered by SUS and primary care services

Further improvements in access are needed

Figure 2.8. Perceived main problem of the public healthcare system

Bridging the gap in human resources for health

Figure 2.9. Practising medical staff per population and geographic imbalances

Enhancing access to medicine

Figure 2.10. Number of "Farmácia Popular" facilities in public and private sectors, thousands, 2004-13

Improving the governance of the public health system

Better co-ordinating a highly decentralised system

Improving performance monitoring through data and quality indicators

Better tools to give the right incentives to provide higher quality care

Figure 2.11. Perceived quality of public healthcare service in Brazil

Making the public health system more cost-efficient

Reducing hospital costs

Promoting cost effective and rational use of drugs.

Figure 2.12. Federal expenditure on drugs to comply with judicial decisions, 2005-11

Anticipating population ageing

Box 2.2. Main policy recommendations for improving public health services

Annex A2.1. Benefits package covered by SUS and primary care services.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

92-64-24530-8

OCLC:

1024278972