OECD economic surveys : France 1999 / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, issuing body.

Series:

OECD economic surveys.

OECD Economic Surveys

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic history.

France--Economic conditions.

France.

France--Economic policy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (179 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris, France : OECD Publishing, [1999]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Assessment and Recommendations I. The Features of the Recovery II. Structural Policy Developments III. Technology, Research, and Innovation Policy Annex I: The Reduction in Working Time Annex II: The Diffusion and Use of Information and Communications Technologies Annex III: Public Support for Industrial Research: An International Comparison Annex IV: Calendar of Main Economic Events.

Contents:

Intro

Table of contents

Assessment and recommendations

I. The features of the recovery

Growth is increasingly driven by domestic demand

France has begun to close its growth gap

Figure 1. Real GDP and its components in the long run

Exports buoyant in 1997, losing momentum in 1998

Figure 2. Measures of international competitiveness

Table 1. Balance of payments

Figure 3. Emergence of a large external surplus

The bumpy path of household consumption and their saving effort

Figure 4. Household saving ratio

Figure 5. Money and financial asset aggregates

Belated but genuine investment revival

Figure 6. Long-run investment trends

Figure 7. Capacity utilisation ratio

Box 1. Changeover to the new national accounts base

Figure 8. Monetary and financial conditions

Figure 9. Nominal interest rates

Figure 10. Credit

Employment has picked up but unemployment remains high

The employment upturn

Figure 11. Dependent employment

After reaching a high plateau in 1997, unemployment has started to fall

Figure 12. Unemployment rate

Figure 13. Duration of unemployment

The general price level has been virtually stable for several years

Figure 14. Consumer prices

The fiscal context

Efforts to reduce the deficit have made it possible to meet the fiscal convergence criteria

Table 2. Financial balances by level of government

Figure 15. Public deficit and debt

The 1997 Budget was tightened in the course of the year...

Table 3. Central government budget

... but execution of the 1998 Budget is relatively easy

Major challenges remain over the long term

France is embarking on Monetary Union in favourable domestic conditions

France in the Union: monetary and fiscal policies

Box 2. Role of the Bank of France in the Monetary Union

Box 3. The Stability and Growth Pact.

Sustaining growth

Table 4. Outcomes and short-term projections

II. Structural policy developments

Labour market reforms

Figure 16. Employment, unemployment and employment policy measures

Figure 17. Share of subsidised youth employment

Flexibility of wage and labour costs

Figure 18. Evolution of social contribution exemptions

Table 5. Minimum wage per hour

Systems of unemployment compensation and related benefits

Employment protection legislation

Active labour market policies

Box 4. Local initiative youth jobs

Duration and flexibility of working time

Figure 19. Distribution of hours worked weekly

Figure 20. Part-time working, fixed-term contracts and temporary work

Figure 21. Hours worked: international comparison

Figure 22. Simulation of the effects of the reduction in the statutory working week

Labour force qualifications and skills

Regulatory reform and competition

Certain hitherto very closed sectors are gradually opening up to competition

Table 6. Savings at regulated rates

Administrative simplification, tax incentives and employment

Privatisation and restructuring

Privatisation and capital-opening operations have continued

Table 7. Privatisation, capital openings and sell-offs

Important restructuring operations are under way or to come

Assessment

Table 8. The OECD Jobs Strategy: follow-up on recommendations

Table 8. The OECD Jobs Strategy: follow-up on recommendations (cont.)

III. Technology research and innovation policy

Technology, growth and employment

Figure 23. Contribution to the growth of value-added in the enterprise sector

Rising investment in intangibles

Innovation and productivity.

Sectoral redistribution of value-added

Technological trends and the labour market

Figure 24. Employment in high-tech industries

Technology development and innovation: changing systems

A widespread phenomenon

Features specific to the French system

Research and technology: efforts and performance

A major research effort...

Table 9. Country shares in OECD research expenditure

Table 10. R&amp

D expenditure as a percentage of GDP

Figure 25. Gross domestic expenditure on R&amp

D

... with mixed results

Table 11. Country shares of scientific publications

Table 12. Country shares of patents issued in the United States

Figure 26. Shares of export market in high-tech goods

Table 13. ICT patents issued in the United States

The "French model" of research and innovation is evolving

French research is concentrated

Figure 27. R&amp

D intensity by industry types

Government influence remains strong

Table 14. Share of public sector in research expenditure

Changes are under way

The public support system for innovation and R&amp

Figure 28. Funding and implementation of R&amp

D (cont.)

Government research contracts

Box 5. Dual research in the United States and the United Kingdom

Increasing the incentive value of government financing

Box 6. Research tax credits

Table 15. B index in selected OECD Member countries

Bringing public and corporate research closer together

Figure 29. Corporate share of public research financing

Table 16. Breakdown of publications by scientific field

Developing public/private partnerships

Wider opening-up to SMEs

Table 17. Share of government in the funding of business enterprise research, by size of firm.

Box 7. Expanding SME access to the public research system: the American approach

Rationalising and evaluating public support schemes

Strengthening the linkage with European policies

Policies for the creation of innovative enterprises

The stakes and obstacles

Box 8. Biotechnologies

Channelling savings towards innovation

Figure 30. Venture capital investment

Box 9. The Nouveau marché

Figure 31. The take-off of the Nouveau marché

Table 18. The Nouveau marché in the international context

Mobilise public research and technology diffusion infrastructure

Mobilise human capital and develop entrepreneurship

Notes

Abbreviations

Bibliography

Annexes

Annex I - The reduction in working time

Table A1. Scale of assistance for firms that reduce working time before the legal deadline

Annex II - The diffusion and use of information and communication technologies

Figure A1. Computer expenditure per capita

Table A2. Penetration of ICT in businesses in selected countries

Box A1. The millennium bug

Figure A2. Computerisation of SMEs

Table A3. Cellular mobile phone subscribers

Figure A3. Internet access

Annex III - Public support for industrial research: an international comparison

Table A4. Public support for industrial technology

Annex IV. Calendar of main economic events

BOXES

Box 3. The Stability and Growth Pact

Box 7. Expanding SME access to the public research system: the American approach

ANNEX

TABLES.

Table 1. Balance of payments

Table 17. Share of government in the funding of business enterprise research, by size of firm

FIGURES

Figure 8. Monetary and financial conditions.

Figure 9. Nominal interest rates.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-16725-0

OCLC:

1132391784